FULL Biodiversity

Question 1

All life shares

Answer 1

RNA/DNA, shared biochem, codons for amino acids, membrane bound cell organelles

Question 2

What is the significance of stromatolites?

Answer 2

provide physical evidence of life

Question 3

Viruses

Answer 3

Do not have a membrane bound nucleus, lack mitochondria, parasites, lack ATP

Question 4

How do prokaryotes reproduce

Answer 4

through binary fission

Question 5

What are archaea characteristics

Answer 5

extremophiles, no nucleus, no organelles, no peptidoglycan, ether linked cell membrane lipids.

Question 6

What do methanogens produce?

Answer 6

produces methane

Question 7

What does infolding of the membrane do?

Answer 7

increase surface area, encloses DNA and forms ncleus

Question 8

Characteristics of mitochondria

Answer 8

has its own DNA, 2 membranes, engulfed by prteobactrium

Question 9

Characteristics of chloroplasts

Answer 9

has its own DNA, 2 membranes one is its original cyanobacterium

Question 10

Secondary Endosymbiosis of Green Algae

Answer 10

euglenid chloroplasts

Question 11

Secondary Endosymbiosis of red algae

Answer 11

stramenopile and alveolate chloroplasts

Question 12

Tertiary Endosymbiosis of eukaryote with chloroplasts from Secondary endo of red algae

Answer 12

Dinoflagellates

Question 13

Opisthokonts

Answer 13

fungi, choanoflagellates and animals

Question 14

Synapomorphy of Opisthokonts

Answer 14

single flagellum of posterior end

Question 15

Hyphae

Answer 15

allow passage of organic materials and organelles

Question 16

Absorptivity heterotrophy

Answer 16

secrete enzymes when digest organic materials and nutrients then absorbed into the hyphae, like microspordia

Question 17

Chyrtids

Answer 17

has flagellated gametes that uses its own water

Question 18

Arbuscular mycorrhizae

Answer 18

90% of plants

Question 19

Synapamorphy of Dikarya

Answer 19

dikaryon stage and septate hyphae

Question 20

Plant Clade synapomorphy

Answer 20

presence of chloroplasts

Question 21

Glaucophytes

Answer 21

unicellular algae, asexual reproduction

Question 22

Red Algae

Answer 22

sister group to green plants, no chlorophyll b or starch

Question 23

Green Plants

Answer 23

have chlorophyll b, store starch which allows to store carbohydrates (increased wavelength of plants)

Question 24

Green Algae

Answer 24

Paraphyletic lineage that forms a polytomy at the base of the green plant clade

Question 25

Challenges that plants face

Answer 25

desiccation, physical support, movement of fluids/nutrients, protection of gametes/embryo, increased UV radiation.

Question 26

Cuticle

Answer 26

land plants wax coating (Prevents water loss), retain and protect embryo

Question 27

stomata

Answer 27

open and close to allow water and gas exchange

Question 28

phloem

Answer 28

distributes products of photosynthesis

Question 29

Xylem

Answer 29

brings water and nutrients from the roots

Question 30

What does the vascular tissue do?

Answer 30

helps for conduction and support

Question 31

Alternation of generation in all land plants life cycles

Answer 31

diploid sporophyte produced haploid spores. Haploid gametophyte stage produces haploid gametes. Fuse to make a diploid

Question 32

Nonvascular

Answer 32

large haploid gametophyte, small diploid sporophyte liverworts and mosses

Question 33

Vascular

Answer 33

larger diploid sporophyte, haploid gametophyte is small, plants like lycophytes , ferms, gymnosperms, and angiosperms

Question 34

Liverworts

Answer 34

tend to be low to ground in moist areas- limited water capacity for water transport