Evolution Disease 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Virulence

A
  • harm a disease causes to a host
  • general garm to a hosts health
  • biology of transmission constrains virulence
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2
Q

How humans diseases arise

A
  • pathogen can coevolve in parallel with host species
  • Zoonotic originate in other species
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3
Q

SARS CoV-2

A

related to SARS, closest known relative in a coronavirus that circulates in bats

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4
Q

Herd Imnmunity

A

important for protecyting peoplr who cant get vaccinated. People with cancer or other life threatening diseases
- breakdown of herd immunity cn lead to disease outbreaks

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5
Q

Evolution of virulence

A

The evolution of virulence depends largely on transmission

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6
Q

Do pathogens have heritable variation in a trait

A

the viral load is heritable
viruses exhibit enormous heritable variation in their viral loads.

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7
Q

Does the traiyt influence the number of new infections

A

predicted number of new infections
= infectiousness, B, x duration, D

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8
Q

Virulence

A

harm inflicted b y pathogens, this is sometimes a by product of the reproduction and survival of the pathogen within the host
Other pathogens such as Salmonella, Cholera, E coli cause diarrhea

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9
Q

Transmission

A

very sick people are less mobile, reduced the likelihood of transmission
hosts who are not incapacitated provide more effective means of transmissio.

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10
Q

Virulence

A
  • Stronger selection for competition within hosts favors rapid replication and increased virulence
  • Stronger selection for movement between hosts reduced virulence
  • high virulence will evolve in conditions with higher transmission
  • Low virulence will evolve in conditions with lower transmission
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11
Q

Waterborne pathogens

A

tend to have less dependence of host for transmission, so they often are highly virulent

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12
Q

The voirulence of baterial pathogen also influences teh evolution of antibiotic resistance

A

higher virulence: more people taking antibiotics ____more antibotoic resistance

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13
Q

Vector borne pathogens

A

tend to have less dependence on mobility of host for transmission, so they often are highly virulent
- reduce transmission, reduce risk of exposure, favor the evolution of less virulent strains and kill mosquitos

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