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S3 Chemistry > Fuels > Flashcards

Fuels Flashcards

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1
Q

3 Example of fossil fuels

A

Coal,oil and gas

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2
Q

How is crude oil and gas formed

A

Millions of years ago, plants + animals in the sea were covered up in layers of mud. This mud hardened into rock. The pressure and heat from the earth turned the decaying plants/animals into crude oil.

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3
Q

Explain how coal is formed

A

Millions of years ago, plants ( on land ) died and were covered up in layers of mud. This mud hardened into rock. The weight of this rock and heat from the earths turned the decaying plants into coal.

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4
Q

Why is fossils fuels known as fossil fuels

A

They formed from the remains of dead plants & animals millions of years ago

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5
Q

Fossil fuels are known as a finite resource. What dose this mean

A

There is a limited number of the thing ( fossil fuels) and will run out eventually and can’t be replaced.

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6
Q

What are the compounds in crude oil

A

Hydrocarbon

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7
Q

What process do people do to make crude oil useful

A

Fraction distillation

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8
Q

What’s the fraction that has the lowest boiling range

A

Bottles gas

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9
Q

What fraction is the 2nd lowest boiling range

A

Petrol

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10
Q

What fraction is the third lowest boiling point

A

Naphtha

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11
Q

What fraction is the 4th lowest boiling point

A

Kerosene

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12
Q

What’s the fraction with the 3rd highest boiling point

A

Diesel

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13
Q

What’s the fraction with the 2nd highest boiling point

A

Fuel oil

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14
Q

What fraction has the highest boiling point

A

Bitomen ( residue)

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15
Q

What has the shortest chain length

A

Gas ( bottled gas )

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16
Q

What is the longest chain length in all the fractions

A

Bitomen (residue)

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17
Q

What fraction makes plastic

A

Naphtha

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18
Q

What do we use kerosene for

A

To fuel planes

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19
Q

What do we use to fuel cars

A

Petrol

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20
Q

What do we use Diesel for

A

To fuel taxis buses and trains

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21
Q

What do fraction fuels ships and power stations

A

Fuel oil

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22
Q

What does e use Bitomen ( residue) for

A

Tar for road

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23
Q

What do we use (bottled) gas for

A

Camping has and BBQ

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24
Q

What the relationship between the size of molecules and their boiling point

A

As the size of the molecule increases the biolling point increases

25
Q

How are fractions separated

A

The difference in there boiling point ranges

26
Q

What happens to the colour as the boiling range increases

A

It gets darker in colour

27
Q

What happens to the viscosity as the boiling range increases

A

It gets more thicker.

28
Q

What is viscosity and give an example

A

A thick liquid
example - honey, syrup ( basically a thick liquid )

29
Q

What happens to the flammability as the building range increases

A

It gets less flammable

30
Q

What’s another term for petrol

A

Gasoline

31
Q

What happens to the molecular mass going down the tower

A

Lightest-highest

32
Q

What’s the hardest to evaporate

A

Residue

33
Q

Is it harder to evaporate naphtha compared to kerosene

A

No

34
Q

Is diesel oil less flammable then gasoline

A

Yes

35
Q

Is diesel oil less flammable then petrol

A

Yes

36
Q

Is fuel oil the highest when it comes to viscosity in the fractions ( bonus question what is the highest then

A

No
The highest in Bitomen ( residue)

37
Q

How do you test for carbon dioxide

A

Turns lime water milky

38
Q

How to test fro water

A

There should be condensation on the inside of the first test tube and the paper in the tube should turns. Different colour

39
Q

What happens if there is an insufficient of oxygen to completely burn a fuel

A

Carbon in the form of soot ( unburnt carbon ) and the poisonous ( toxic ) gas carbon monoxide can be formed

40
Q

What’s the chemical name for burning

A

Combustion

41
Q

What is the main environmental issue cause by burning the fuels called hydrocarbons

A

Global warming ( greenhouse effects )

42
Q

What is produced when the hydrocarbon burn in a plentiful supply of oxygen?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

43
Q

If fuel is Petrol ( C8H18) what is the product of complete combustion

A

CO2 and H2O

44
Q

If fuel is hydrogen ( H2 ) what is the product of complete combustion

A

H2O

45
Q

If fuel is coal ( C ) what is the product of complete combustion

A

CO2

46
Q

If fuel is Ethanol (C2H5OH) what is the product of complete combustion

A

CO2 H2O

47
Q

What is the known word for when a fuel burns and it releases energy

A

Exothermic reaction

48
Q

What is the opposite reaction to exothermic reaction

A

Endothermic reaction

49
Q

What dose endothermic reaction do or energy

A

It takes it

50
Q

If 1 litre = 1kg what is 100mil what is it in kg

A

0.1kg

51
Q

What do you need to note to find out how much energy is produced

A

Mass of water
initial temperature
End temperature
Temperature change
What flame your using

52
Q

What do plants take in the carbon cycle

A

CO2

53
Q

What do animals take in the carbon cycle

A

Oxygen

54
Q

What’s the stages for the carbon cycle

A
  1. Carbon enters the atmosphere as carbon dioxide from respiration and combustion
  2. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants to make carbohydrates in photosynthesis
  3. Animals feed on the plants passing the carbon compounds along the food chain most of carbon they consume is exhaled as carbon dioxide formed during respiration. The animals and plants eventually die.
  4. The dead organisms are eaten by decomposers and the carbon in their bodies is returned to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. In some conditions decomposition is blocked. The plant and animals material may then be available as fossil fuel in the future for combustion
55
Q

What’s the name of the process that plant use carbon dioxide for

A

Photosynthesis

56
Q

Name the process in animals that releases carbon dioxide Into the atmosphere

A

Respiration

57
Q

Name two (or more if you want) process that release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere that’s not animal respiratory

A

Water ( oceanic photosynthesis and respiration)
Deforestation
Burning fossil fuels

58
Q

Describe how we could reduce the levels of carbon dioxide realised into the air

A

Burn less fossil fuels
Chop less forests down

S3 Chemistry (7 decks)

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