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S3 Chemistry > Fuels > Flashcards

Fuels Flashcards

1
Q

3 Example of fossil fuels

A

Coal,oil and gas

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2
Q

How is crude oil and gas formed

A

Millions of years ago, plants + animals in the sea were covered up in layers of mud. This mud hardened into rock. The pressure and heat from the earth turned the decaying plants/animals into crude oil.

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3
Q

Explain how coal is formed

A

Millions of years ago, plants ( on land ) died and were covered up in layers of mud. This mud hardened into rock. The weight of this rock and heat from the earths turned the decaying plants into coal.

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4
Q

Why is fossils fuels known as fossil fuels

A

They formed from the remains of dead plants & animals millions of years ago

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5
Q

Fossil fuels are known as a finite resource. What dose this mean

A

There is a limited number of the thing ( fossil fuels) and will run out eventually and can’t be replaced.

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6
Q

What are the compounds in crude oil

A

Hydrocarbon

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7
Q

What process do people do to make crude oil useful

A

Fraction distillation

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8
Q

What’s the fraction that has the lowest boiling range

A

Bottles gas

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9
Q

What fraction is the 2nd lowest boiling range

A

Petrol

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10
Q

What fraction is the third lowest boiling point

A

Naphtha

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11
Q

What fraction is the 4th lowest boiling point

A

Kerosene

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12
Q

What’s the fraction with the 3rd highest boiling point

A

Diesel

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13
Q

What’s the fraction with the 2nd highest boiling point

A

Fuel oil

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14
Q

What fraction has the highest boiling point

A

Bitomen ( residue)

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15
Q

What has the shortest chain length

A

Gas ( bottled gas )

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16
Q

What is the longest chain length in all the fractions

A

Bitomen (residue)

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17
Q

What fraction makes plastic

A

Naphtha

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18
Q

What do we use kerosene for

A

To fuel planes

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19
Q

What do we use to fuel cars

A

Petrol

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20
Q

What do we use Diesel for

A

To fuel taxis buses and trains

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21
Q

What do fraction fuels ships and power stations

A

Fuel oil

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22
Q

What does e use Bitomen ( residue) for

A

Tar for road

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23
Q

What do we use (bottled) gas for

A

Camping has and BBQ

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24
Q

What the relationship between the size of molecules and their boiling point

A

As the size of the molecule increases the biolling point increases

25
How are fractions separated
The difference in there boiling point ranges
26
What happens to the colour as the boiling range increases
It gets darker in colour
27
What happens to the viscosity as the boiling range increases
It gets more thicker.
28
What is viscosity and give an example
A thick liquid example - honey, syrup ( basically a thick liquid )
29
What happens to the flammability as the building range increases
It gets less flammable
30
What’s another term for petrol
Gasoline
31
What happens to the molecular mass going down the tower
Lightest-highest
32
What’s the hardest to evaporate
Residue
33
Is it harder to evaporate naphtha compared to kerosene
No
34
Is diesel oil less flammable then gasoline
Yes
35
Is diesel oil less flammable then petrol
Yes
36
Is fuel oil the highest when it comes to viscosity in the fractions ( bonus question what is the highest then
No The highest in Bitomen ( residue)
37
How do you test for carbon dioxide
Turns lime water milky
38
How to test fro water
There should be condensation on the inside of the first test tube and the paper in the tube should turns. Different colour
39
What happens if there is an insufficient of oxygen to completely burn a fuel
Carbon in the form of soot ( unburnt carbon ) and the poisonous ( toxic ) gas carbon monoxide can be formed
40
What’s the chemical name for burning
Combustion
41
What is the main environmental issue cause by burning the fuels called hydrocarbons
Global warming ( greenhouse effects )
42
What is produced when the hydrocarbon burn in a plentiful supply of oxygen?
Carbon dioxide and water
43
If fuel is Petrol ( C8H18) what is the product of complete combustion
CO2 and H2O
44
If fuel is hydrogen ( H2 ) what is the product of complete combustion
H2O
45
If fuel is coal ( C ) what is the product of complete combustion
CO2
46
If fuel is Ethanol (C2H5OH) what is the product of complete combustion
CO2 H2O
47
What is the known word for when a fuel burns and it releases energy
Exothermic reaction
48
What is the opposite reaction to exothermic reaction
Endothermic reaction
49
What dose endothermic reaction do or energy
It takes it
50
If 1 litre = 1kg what is 100mil what is it in kg
0.1kg
51
What do you need to note to find out how much energy is produced
Mass of water initial temperature End temperature Temperature change What flame your using
52
What do plants take in the carbon cycle
CO2
53
What do animals take in the carbon cycle
Oxygen
54
What’s the stages for the carbon cycle
1. Carbon enters the atmosphere as carbon dioxide from respiration and combustion 2. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants to make carbohydrates in photosynthesis 3. Animals feed on the plants passing the carbon compounds along the food chain most of carbon they consume is exhaled as carbon dioxide formed during respiration. The animals and plants eventually die. 4. The dead organisms are eaten by decomposers and the carbon in their bodies is returned to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. In some conditions decomposition is blocked. The plant and animals material may then be available as fossil fuel in the future for combustion
55
What’s the name of the process that plant use carbon dioxide for
Photosynthesis
56
Name the process in animals that releases carbon dioxide Into the atmosphere
Respiration
57
Name two (or more if you want) process that release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere that’s not animal respiratory
Water ( oceanic photosynthesis and respiration) Deforestation Burning fossil fuels
58
Describe how we could reduce the levels of carbon dioxide realised into the air
Burn less fossil fuels Chop less forests down

S3 Chemistry (7 decks)

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