Fuel & ETOPS Flashcards
Responsibility?
Operational and Commercial?
Op safety is JOINT responsibility of PIC and Company.
Commercial Risk is responsibility of Company, managed by IOC.
Payload offloads are done in consultation.
What is a cat A airport?
Approved for all Operations.
Can be nominated as Destination, Destination Alternate, Adequate or Emer.
Has min equipment to refuel and dispatch without engineering support.
What is a Cat B airport?
How can in be used in Flight Planning?
Cat A airport with additional operational, environmental or occasionally commercial considerations.
RMS lists consids.
Can be nominated as Destination, Destination Alternate, Adequate or Emer (unless RMS says no).
Some have restrictions for medical emer div.
What is a Cat C airport?
How can it be used in flight planning?
Can’t be classified Cat A or B, but required for flight planning purposes.
Can’t be Destination or Destination Alternate but can be a TO alternate, an adequate (edto) or emerergency (obviously).
Do not divert to Cat C for medical emergencies.
Departing Cat C airport requires IOC contact and duty Capatin approval.
EDTO Cat C requirements: QANTAS ensures these are met.
LDA sufficient,
surface strength sufficient to allow AC to land without damaging itself or render thye airport unusable.
Taxiway strength sufficient to taxi clear
Lighting sufficient as per AIP ‘suitability of aerodromes’
What is an Emer airport?
Used in aircraft emergency only. If used for DPD it must be acceptable.
Can not be planned dest, alt, adq.
Departing emer airport requires Chief Pilot approval.
Runways and taxiways may not be rated for AC type but can be used in emer, AC may not be able to vacate runway, gnd services inc parking have not been assessed.
In what conditions can you land at a Cat C or Emergency Airport?
3 items
What must be done in these cases?
Landing at a Cat C or Emer airport would normally only be considered due to:
an aircraft systems failure,
an unforecast weather event, or
other significant operational event that prevents the aircraft from proceeding to it’s destination.
A PAN or MAYDAY call must be declared to ATC if PIC intends to land at Cat C or Emer airport.
What is an Alternate airport?
Category?
Cat A or B airport that you can proceed to if it is inadvisable to land at destination.
If preflight alternate requirement exists alternate will be specified on FP.
Either dest alternate if payload permits or any suitable airport on which DPA is based.
When is an alternate required?
7 items
1 note on holding options…
During currency of or 30 mins prior to following conds:
More than SCT below alt crit
vis less than alt crit
vis above alt crit but endorsed with ANY probability of fog, mist, dust or any phenom reducing vis below alt crit.
xwind or dwind exceeding max for ac type. (inclusive of gusts)
thunderstorms or their associated sev turb or the probability thereof.
precip which could result in runway becoming contaminated and preflight or enroute landing distances eceeding LDA.
If wx if forecast to improve no alt nec if holding fuel is avail for end of conds + 30mins
destination does not have approved inst app.
Clouds, vis, wind, storm, precip, no approach.
What is a suitable airport?
Category?
Cat A/B Does not require an alternate for the intended period of use or:
For which appropriate holding fuel is carried, for wx or navaid avail etc.
Wx report primacy for suitability evaluation?
TAF3
TREND (outside oz where issued)
TAF
What is an acceptable airport?
Category?
A,B,C or E which at the time of departure is forecast to be above the LANDING minima for intended period of use; or
Has appropriate holding fuel included due to weather/ navaid availability etc.
What is an available airport?
In PIC judgment is APPROPRIATE for landing in terms of wx, airport conditions, runway length at the time of intended landing.
FAM doesn’t stipulate A,B etc, note “available” is the same wording from the QRH and I assume Boeing…
What is an isolated airport?
Fuel/WX requirements?
Airport which does not have an alternate airport geographically available.
You may proceed beyon DPA with normal inflight requirements with holding fuel of 90 mins in lieu of diversion fuel and other holding fuel. (ie. 90 mins hold fuel + FRF = 2 hrs of fuel overhead)
AND
Airport forecast is above applicable landing minima from ETA till ETA + 2hrs.
Current isolated airports: Tahiti.
What are Remote Island Airports?
Fuel requirements?
If destination is a RIA then Destination alternate needs to be planned PREFLIGHT, irrespective of the forecast weather.
Destination alternate is planned in lieu of holding fuel requirements that may exist at destination.
Dest alternate can not be a RIA.
Christmas Island
Coco Keeling Island
Lord Howe
Norfolk
Take Off Alt reqs..
When required? (2)
What category airport can be used?
How far away?
What weather is required?
Req when
WX at dep airport blw lowest published useable landing mins or
other op considerations preclude return to departure airport.
May be A,B,C or E.
Located within published EDTO dist for flights operating under ER crit, otw 409nm.
TO alt must be above ADQ crit. for time to be used.
when required will be on flt plan
may be appended by hand.
When does preflight phase commence?
How about postflight?
Preflight ETD-4hrs till PB or ES.
Postflight TD till shutdown.
When do inflight requirements come into effect
Commences at pushback or engine start if PB not required (power out bay)
Preflight requirements (8)
Taxi
Trip
Alternate (when required) Destination alternate.
Contingency
Holding
FRF
Arr allowance (if planned with reduced alt weather crit)
Req additional……………………………………..T TACH FAR
Min inflight requirements (6)
There is 3 always and 3 situation dependant.
Trip fuel to Cat A or B above alternate crit (or RAWC if applicable)
Contingency (5%)
FRF
Holding (when required)
Arr Allowance (if operating in accordance with RAWC requirements)
Inflight Required additional (eg MEL/CDL)…
MOR definition
Min qty of fuel that must be planned to be onboard to allow AC to depart with the required reglatory minimum and reach a cat A or B airport.
Minimum requirments for Dispatch (5)?
AC servicable for flight
AC has valid airways clearance
OFP crit DP data has been reviewed and min DP requirments are met
AC with min FCOM fuel limitation must have that on board
At all times the inflight fuel requirements are met.
Taxi Fuel?
What is the burn rate 787? How many mins is that?
Eng start to commencment of TO roll, accounting for expected traffic and dep runway. Includes APU use after fuelling complete.
Calculated by ongoing statistical analysis of historical taxi fuel and times.
If no data exists or is insufficient then fixed taxy times used:
Fixed Taxi Time 787:
24kg/min - normally 450kg inc 60kg for APU. (18m45s)
Can be varied by PIC.