Fucked

Question 1

Excretion

Answer 1

Elimination of metabolic wastes proces

Question 2

defecation

Answer 2

Removal Undigested food processes (Faeces through the anus)

Question 3

Sieve Tube

Answer 3

Long Thin phloem cells that have large pores through cell walls at both ends
NO nuclei, mitochondria

Question 4

Companion Cells

Answer 4

Found alongside sieve tubes
Has nucleus
Controls activity of sieve tube cells

Question 5

Transpiration

Answer 5

Loss of water vapour by evaporation from surface of a plant through stoma
- Once stoma opens continuous stream of water rises through the plant.

Question 6

Factors increase Transpiration

Answer 6

Increase in Diffusion Gradient
Increase access to Light
Increase temperature

Question 7

Factors decreasing Transpiration

Answer 7

Concentration of water vapour
Decrease diffusion gradient

Question 8

Vascular Plants gas exchange

Answer 8

Root hair with large surface area, absorbs water and nutrients
water is absorbed through Osmosis. allowing dissolved ions to b absorbed by diffusion
Force of water entering roots creates pressure

Question 9

ADhesion

Answer 9

Adhesion forces of attraction between water molecules and molecules which make up xylem vessels

Question 10

Cohesion

Answer 10

forces of attraction between water molecules help to pull water up the narrow xylem vessel

Question 11

Capillary action

Answer 11

Combination Of Adhesion and Cohesion forces allow water to flow UP narrow spaces against gravity

Question 12

Translocation

Answer 12

Active movement of soluble sugars (photosynthesis) through the phloem of vascular plants from source to sink
- Occurs in multidirectional
- Transported AGAINst concentration gradient
- active transport

Question 13

Rates affecting translocation

Answer 13

Pressure and concentration gradient

Question 14

Gas exchange Req

Answer 14

Moist skin
Thin and permeable
Large surface to volume ratio
Constant flow of gases
Highly Vascularised
Greater concentration of req gas

Question 15

WHY DO PLANTS NOT NEED VENTILATION MECHANISM

Answer 15

Due to their leaves highly exposed to gases/air. This allows air/gases to be constantly replaced. And ALSO since CO2 isnt bad for them as it req for photosynthesis

Question 16

Stages OF heartbeat

Answer 16

1. Heart muscles are relaxed and valves closed, allows blood to flow into atria
2. Atria Contracts squeezing blood into ventricles (Atrioventricular valves close preventing backflow of blood
3. Immediately ventricles contract and blood is squeezed again leading blood out of the heart
4. Once ventricles are empty valves leading out the heart close and muscles relax

Question 17

Lub Dub explaination

Answer 17

The “lub” is caused by
the closing of the valves leading to the ventricles.

The “dub” is caused by
the closing of the valves
leading out of the heart

Question 18

Guard cells

Answer 18

Pair of cells which open and close stma to control exit and entry of gases and water
changes in water in guard cells causes them to change shape

Question 19

how do guard cells open

Answer 19

Guard cells swell with water becoming turgid which bends and draws the cells away from each other allowing gas exchange.

Question 20

How to guard cells CLose

Answer 20

When guard cells lack of water they become flaccid this causes them to close.

Question 21

Stoma

Answer 21

Tiny openings in the surface of a plant leaf through which gases can exit and enter

Question 22

Shoot System

Answer 22

Transport resources
Absorption of oxygen
reproduction
Carries out photosynthesis IN leaves

Question 23

Root System

Answer 23

Anchors plant
Absorbing water and nutrient from soils
Nutrients in for of dissolved Ions via diffusion.