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Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

Ex situ

A

conservation measures outside the natural habitat,
eg: captive breeding programs

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2
Q

In Situ

A

conservation methods to protect and preservation of habitats and ecosystem
Eg: Ban on trading Endangered species

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3
Q

Domain Sub categories

A

Eukaryotes: Contains DNA in nucleus
Prokaryotes: No DNA in nucleus (Archaea and Bacteria)

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4
Q

Kingdom SubCategories

A

Animalia: Mammals, insects
Plantae: Mosses ferns, etc
Protista: amoebae
Fungi: Yeast
Archaea: Single cell org living in ext conditions
Bacteria: Single cell organism

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5
Q

Deforestation

A

Permanent removal of standing forests leading to major increase in CO2 emission levels

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6
Q

Fossil Fuels

A

Formed from fossilised living thing usually sedimentary rock and produces CO when burnt

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7
Q

DDT

A

Dichloro Diphenyl trichloroethene

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8
Q

Examples Of Invasive Species

A

Cane Toad, Rainbow Lorikeet, Feral Donkey

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9
Q

Genetic Conservation Strategies

A

Seed Banks is a reservoir for plant genetic material, used to reintroduce and repopulate a species thats extinct or at risk of it

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10
Q

Environmental Conservation

A

Regeneration of land and bush corridors in isolated habitats can help restore and return habitats to populations

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11
Q

Management Conservation

A

Protection of areas and new rules/restrictions to control the environment
Example: Fish species that is harvested unsustainable way would cause a introduction of rule of only being fished seasonally

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12
Q

Difference between Management and Environmental

A

Environment is the restoration and regeneration of the environment WHEREAS Management is controlling human impacts on environment

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13
Q

Distribution patterns

A

Random: Randomly spread out (Trees).
Clumped; Organisms Grouped together (Fishes)
Uniform: evenly spaced apart ( Spruce trees)

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14
Q

World Heritage sites

A

United Nations Educational Scientific and Culture Organisation supporting the identification, protection and preservation of a natural heritage
EG: Ningaloo Coast & Great Barrier Reef

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15
Q

Impact Of Pollutants

A

Large amounts of Plastic rubbish end up in waterways = aquatic animals ingesting them getting harmed

Managed by recycling the waste or disposal of the rubbish appropriately

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16
Q

Impacts of Invasive species

A

can over-run and take over an ecosystem as they have no natural predator/counter to control their population

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17
Q

Impact of habitat destruction

A

Carnaby black cockatoo loses it habitat
Environmental: Bush heritage buys and manages protected land
Management: Cockatoo conservation centre rescue help rehabilitate and release cockatoos

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18
Q

Keystone Species

A

Species which are relatively in low abundance yet have a high influential and disproportional effect on other species of a ecosystem

19
Q

KEystone Species ROles

A

Nutrient cycling, Seed Dispersal Predation, Important food source, Vital Mutualistic relationship (pollination)

20
Q

Example Of Keystone Species

A

Blue crab
- Often an important prey/food source for many
Plateu Pika/Elephants
- Often creates burrows required by many to live in, seed dispersal
Bees
- Vital Mutualistic relationship with flowers for pollination

21
Q

Biogeochemical

A

Descrbies how chemical elements are transformed and stored both biologically and geological components of earths biosphere

22
Q

ChloroPlast

A

Site of Photosynthesis

23
Q

Mitochondria

A

Site of Cellular Respiration

24
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Packages and finalises proteins

25
Q

Ribosomes

A

protein synthesis

26
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (rough)

A

Protein Transport

27
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth)

A

Lipid Transport

28
Q

Examples Of endangered species

A

Numbats, Red Pandas and BlueFin Tuna

29
Q

Fragmentation

A

the separation of some parts of the habitat of an ecosystem. resulting in isolated groups of organisms that were once part of a larger population.

30
Q

factors Affecting Soil degradation

A

Overgrazing, Hard hooves farm animals, Shallow rooted plants, Reduced tree cover, Overuse of fertilisers

31
Q

Salination

A

The process of increasing the salt concentration

32
Q

Introduced species

A

species that humans have intentionally or unintentionally moved from their native location to a new ecological region

33
Q

Biodiversity

A

describes the great variety of life that exists in our biosphere. Defined at 3 levels

1)Level of species (morphologically similar organisms that are capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring).

2)Ecosystems: organisms living in complex communities and a range of different physical environments

3)Genetic diversity: number of genes, which code for all inherited traits

34
Q

Biodiversity Hotspots

A

numerous native species and a large number of endangered and threatened species.

35
Q

To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot an area must

A

1) Contain at least 1500 species of native vascular plants

2) Have lost at least 70% of primary vegetation

36
Q

Biological Species Concepts

A

Group of Organisms that share the same gene pool this gives them the capacity to interbreed and produce fertile and viable offsprings aslong their are not prevented by physical barriers

37
Q

Morphology

A

Characterises a species by its form (morphology) Eg. Bone Structure

38
Q

Phylogenetic

A

Identifies a species as the smallest group of organisms who can trace back to their common ancestors

39
Q

Niches

A

Organism able to inhabit a particular ecosystem are able to survive due to their biotic & abiotic factors.

40
Q

Growth Rate equation

A

Pop growth rate = (birth rate + immigration rate) - (death rate + emigration rate)
= (br + ir) - (dr + er)

41
Q

gross primary productivity (GPP)

A

total amount of energy that flows through the producers

42
Q

Net primary productivity

A

amount of energy available to consumers

43
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

CO2 + H2O —> (sunlight) C6H12O6 Glucose + O2

44
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Glucose + O2 —> CO2 + H2O +energy ATP

Chem (10 decks)

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