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Chem > acids & bases > Flashcards

acids & bases Flashcards

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1
Q

Acid + reactive metal =

A

salt + hydrogen gas
eg 2HCl(aq) + Zn(s) = ZnCl2(aq) + H2

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2
Q

acid + metal hydroxide

A

salt + water
eg: H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(s) + = Na2SO4(aq) +2H2O

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3
Q

Acid + metal oxide

A

salt + water
H2SO4(aq) + MgO(s) = MgSO4(aq) + H2O

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4
Q

acid + metal carbonate

A

salt + water + CO2
2HCl(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) = 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

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5
Q

acid + metal sulfite

A

salt + water + sulfur dixoxide
2HCl(aq) + Na2SO3(s) = 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + SO2

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6
Q

Ammonium salt + base

A

salt + ammonia + water
eg: 2NaOH(aq) + (NH4)2SO4(aq) = Na2SO4(aq) + 2NH3(g) +2H2O

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7
Q

base + non-metal oxide

A

salt + water

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8
Q

Properties of Acids

A

Litmus paper becomes red
Corrosive
Sour
Reacts with bases
Ph less than 7
Conducts electricty

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9
Q

Properties of Bases

A

Litmus paper becomes blue
Caustic and Slippery
Bitter
Reacts with Acids
Ph more than 7
Conducts electricity

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10
Q

Arrhenius model

A

States that
- An acid is a substance that ionises in water to produce a hydrogen ion or proton
- A base is a substance that dissociates in water to form hydroxide ions

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11
Q

MonoProtic acids

A

can only form one H+ ion for each molecule of acid

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12
Q

Diprotic acids

A

(H2SO4 and H2CO3) acids that can produce two H+ ions for each molecule of acid

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13
Q

Triprotic acids

A

(H3PO4 and H3BO3) acids can produce three H+ ions for each molecule of acids

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14
Q

Strong acids/base

A

The term strong acid/base refers to how much an acid/base ionises in water
strong acid/base ionises completely in water
eg. NaOH –> Na(aq) + OH(aq)
Weak acid/base do not ionise completely in water

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15
Q

Example of Strong acids & Bases

A

Acids PH 1-3
HCl (hydrochloric acid
HNO3 (nitric acid)
H2S04 (Sulfuric Acid)
Bases PH 11-14 :
NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide)
KOH (potassium Hydroxide)
Ba(OH)2 (barium Hydroxide)

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16
Q

Example of Weak Acids & Bases

A

Acids Ph of 4-6
CH3COOH ) acetic acid
H2CO3 (CARBONATE acid)
H3PO4 (Phosphoric acid)
Bases Ph 8-10
NH3 (ammonia
CH2 NH2 (methyl amine)

17
Q

Limitations of Arrhenius

A

does not explain how certain materials like CO2 and SO2 form acidic solutions when dissolved in water,despite having no hydrogen atoms & materials like NH3 and NaCO3 form basic solutions when mixed with water, despite not having OH groups

18
Q

BrØnsted-Lowry Model

A

shows how these species produce hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions in solutions by reacting with water in a process called hydrolysis.

19
Q

Indicator

A

a material that is altered by the presence of an acid or base

20
Q

Universal Indicator

A

mixture of several different indicators providing a good range of colours when tested with acids and bases

Chem (10 decks)

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