Fruits Flashcards
everything to know about fruits
What is a fruit?
a mature ovary with a seed and endosperm inside
What is a fruits function?
to protect the seed, attract fruit-eating animals, aid in dispersal of seeds
Where does the seed develop in an angiosperm?
Ovule
Where does the fruit develop in an angiosperm?
Ovary
What is an aggregate fruit?
a cluster of fruit from a single flower
What are some examples of an aggregate fruit?
Strawberry, Raspberry, Blackberry
What is a multiple fruit?
a cluster of many ripened fruits from multiple flowers crowded together in the same inflorescence
What are some examples of Multiple fruit?
Pineapple, Mulberry, Osage-orange
What is a fleshy fruit?
fruit with a soft pericarp at maturity
What are different types of fleshy fruit?
berry, pepo, hesperidium, drupe, pome
What are the different parts of a fruit?
Seed, and pericarp
What are the different parts of a pericarp?
endocarp, mesocarp, and exocarp
What is a berry?
fruit with a fleshy pericarp but tough skin
What are examples of Berries?
Grape, tomato, Bananna, Blueberry
What is a pepo fruit?
fruit with a hard thick rind (gourds)
What are some examples of a pepo fruit?
watermelon, squash, cucumber
What is a hesperidium fruit?
a berry with a leathery rind and parchment-like partitions between sections (citrus)
What are some examples of hesperidium fruit?
Orange, lemon, lime, cumquat
What is a drupe?
a fleshy fruit with a hard inner layer (endocarp or stone) surrounding the seed
What are some examples of a drupe?
Peach, Cherry, Almond
What is a pome?
Ovary or core surrounded by fleshy receptacle tissue (hypanthium or fleshy floral tube)
What are examples of a Pome?
Apple, Pear
What are dry fruit?
Fruit that have a dry pericarp at maturity
What are the two types of dry fruit
dehiscent and indehiscent
What makes a fruit dehiscent?
Dry fruit that splits along a seam
What are examples of dehiscent fruit?
legumes and capsules
What makes a fruit indehiscent?
Pericarp doesn’t split open, usually only has one seed
What are examples of indehiscent fruit?
achenes, samara, nut
What is a legume?
a dehiscent fruit, elongated bean pod that splits along two seams
what are examples of a legume?
peas, honey locust, KY coffee tree, black locust, redbud
How do legumes produce nitrogen?
Rhizobia (a host bacteria in root nodules of legumes) take nitrogen out of air and convert it into usable nitrogen
Rhizobia and legumes have a mutualistic symbiotic relationship
What is the agricultural importance of Legumes?
Provide Nitrogen to cereal crops and grass
What is the Ecological importance of Legumes
Importance source of nitrogen in many food webs
What is the dietary importance of Legumes?
Nutrient dense, great source of protein, high in fiber
What is a capsule fruit?
dehiscent dry fruit, with seed pods that split in various ways along several well defined seams
What are examples of Capsule fruits?
Catapula, sweet gum
What is an achene fruit?
an indehiscent dry fruit, small nut, very small one seeded fruit, usually produced in clusters
Examples of Achene fruit?
Buttercups, Sycamore
What is a samara fruit?
and indehiscent dry fruit, small, winged, one seeded, produced in clusters on tree
What are example of samara fruit?
maple, ash
What is a nut?
large, idehiscent, dry one seeded fruit, with a very hard pericarp, usually incased in husk or cup like involucre
Examples of a nut?
acorn, beechnut, walnut
