Fruili Venezia Giulia Flashcards
Describe Friuli’s wine industry
-Birthplace of modern white winemaking
-Focus on clean, fresh, fruity shifting away from oxidized styles
-Single-varietal focused since 1800s
-High quality standard, experimentation, great terroir
What are the famous sweet whites from Friuli?
Picolit
Ramandelo
What are key historical events in Friuli?
Thrived under Rome; 4th largest city in Empire
1866 eastern, part of Italian Empire 1919 west part incorporated
1963 - autonomy granted
Describe the location of Friuli
Alps/Austria to North
Slovenian and Adriatic to east/south
Veneto to west
Trenton Alto Adige to N/W
Trieste capitol
What is the climate of wine growing region in Friuli?
- Lower coastal plain —> lagoons to sea
-Sandy, gravel plain. More fertile b/c of higher clay - Alluvial Plain
-Sandy, gravel plain. - Eastern hills: best vineyards sites
Sandstone, calcereous marls
Prealps
(No vine growing in Alps)
What are the high quality soils of Friuli called?
Flysch of Cormons
locally “Ponca”
What is the climate of Friuli?
Mild, temperate continental
Alps block northerly wind
Adriatic Sea breezes moderate, create air flow, lowers humidity, mitigates heat = acidity & complexity
Where is the Carso Plain and what are the soil types?
Friuli —> south east next to Slovenian, bordered Adriatic
Soils: limestone sub-soil with iron-rich sand and clay
What are the characteristics of Friulano? What is it called in Veneto?
-Identical to Sauvignonasse
-“traditional” white grape of Friuli, since 12th C
Light-medium body; grass; white flowers; green apple; herbal; almond
-Used to be called tocai friuliano, dropped Tocai after Hungarian request
-Called “tai” in Veneto
Name the native/traditional white grapes of FriulI (5)
- Friulano
- Ribolla Gialla
- Malvasia Istriana
- Picolit
- Vitovksa
Name the native/traditional red grapes of FriulI
- Refosco del Peduncolo Rosso “from red stem:
- Schioppettino aka Ribolla Nera “crackling” - crunchy berries
List the most widely planted grapes in Friuli
Pinot Grigio (21%)
Merlot (15%)
Friulano
Chardonnay
Sauvignon (SB)
Cab Franc
Refosco dal Rosso
Describe vine training in Friuli
Topographical dependent:
-Plains: Sylvoz & Camara
-Hills: Guyot and Cappuccina (like guyot)
Except Friuli Isonzo (plains that uses guyot)
-Some areas Alberello
Who and what happened in the Friulian white wine “revolution”
Mario Schiopetto in 1960s introduced temp controlled fermentation, S/S refrigeration, prneumaatic presses and sterile bottling (aka protective winemaking)
Oak and Malo avoided
Colli & Collio Orientale some of most modern ad advanced wineries
Who were Josko Gravner and Stanko Radikon?
Collio producers
-Use ancient techniques of prolonged skin macération, long periods in neutral casks, sometimes amphorae
-Orange wines
What are the two styles of Friuli super-whites?
- Intensely aromatic, blends, S/S fermentation
- Rich, barrel aged, blends with late harvest fruit
-Both can age
-Labeld as Bianca from COllio, Friuli Colli Orientalist & Venezia Giulia
Can be: Friulano, Ribolla Gialla, Malvasia Istriana, Picolit, Chardonnay, SB, Riesling, Pinot Bianca, PG
Describe Friuli’s wine industry
Historically bulk wine
Today one of highest proportions of DOC (40%)
Mostly family owned, small to medium sized producers
70% white production
How many DOC/DOCGs are in Friuli? What is the largest? How are they labeled?
12 DOC
4 DOCG
Friuli Grave DOC
-in sub-zones, Apellation, name of grape. EG Collio, Ribolla Gialla
What is the style of Friuli DOC Ribolla Gialla?
White, spumante
What Friuli appellations are in the Central Plains? Coastal Plains? Eastern Friuli?
Central Plains - Friuli Grave
Coastal- Friuli Latisana, Friuli Annia, Friuli Aquileia
Eastern- Collio (Collio Goriziano): Sauvignon, Friulano, Ribolla Gialla, Pinot Grigio
Friuli Colli Orientali
Friuli Isonzo
Carso
Name the 4 Friuli Colli Orientali DOCG Subzones and their grapes
Cialla: Ribolla Gialla (w), Verduzzo Friulano (w) Refosco (r) Schioppettino (r)
Rosazzo: Ribolla Gialla (w), Pignolo (r)
Faedis: Refosco Nostrano
Prepotto: Schioppettino (r)
What is the grape in Cialla subzone and aging requirements?
100% Picolit
Sweet, appassimento
2 yrs min
Riserva 4 yrs
Only sub-zone that can do riserva.
Who was Mario Schiopetto?
1960s producer introduced temp controlled fermentation, S/S, refrigeration, pneumatic press, sterile bottling
What types and styles of wine can come from Friuli DOC?
Whites: native and international
Rosso: native and international - Merlot largest planted
Ribolla Gialla must be spumante
What grapes are grown in Collio and what are the styles?
80% white, high quality. SB, Friulano, Ribolla Gialla, PG, Malvasia
Some pure varietal, others structured and complex
Red - Merlot, Cab Franc, CS
Describe Colli Orientali Picolit and Cialla wines
Picolit - ancient white, sweet style. 85% Picolit.
Cialla 100%, higher ABV, 2 yr aging. Riserva (only in Cialla) 4 yr min
Describe Ramandolo wines
100% Verduzzo Gialla, sweet white
Often extra-ripe or shriveled grapes
Some appissemento
Hand harvested (very steep slopes) in Friuli Collio Orientale
Describe Rossazo wines
White blend Friulano + SB, Chard, Ribolla Gialla
In Colli Orientali
Describe Isonzo and Carso area and grapes
Isonzo: Southern Friuli Orientale. Isonzo river Alte and Giare. Meso climate of cool mountain and warm sea breezes.
Carso - min 70%
Poor soils, rugged cliffs.
Vitovska (w)
Terrano (r)
What is the name of the wind in Friuli?
Bora: cold winter wind that effects Friuli
What are the regional names for Sauvignonasse in: Friuli? Veneto?
Friuli: Friuliano
Veneto: Tai
What is the most planted grape in Friuli?
Pinot Grigio
Where is Lison and what grapes are grown here?
Inter-regional along border with Veneto, beneath Colli
-Friulano: white, crisp. White flowers, almonds
What are the grapes and styles in Collio DOC?
Whites: Pinot Grigio, Sauvignon, Friulano
Ribolla Gialla, Malvasia Istriana, Chard, Pinot Bianca
Red (small amounts) Merlot, Cab Franc, Cab Sauvignon
What is the style of Friuli Colli Orientali Picolit?
Sweet appassimento
85% Picolit
What is the style of Ramandolo?
100% Verduzzo Giallo
What are the 4 DOCG of FVG?
Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit
Lison
Ramandolo
Rosazzo
What regions can carry classico in FVG? (3)
Bagnoli Friularo Classico
Lison
Carso
What region is ronchi associated with?
Friuli
Means well exposed vineyards
Where is the Rauscedo nursery located?
Fruili
What are the Flysch of Cormons/Ponca made of?
Sandstone and cancerous marls
Friuli’s limestone plateau is known as
The Carso
Define moraine
Sediment deposit formed by a glacier. Forms a mound
