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VMED 163: RUMINANT > From Reading Mats > Flashcards

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1
Q

whole flock/herd is treated based on knowledge of the risk, or parameters that quantify the severity of infection

A

targeted treatments (TT)

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2
Q

only individual animals within the grazing group
are treated.

A

targeted selective treatments (TST)

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3
Q

T/F: TST in sheep is easier to measure compared to TT

A

T

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4
Q

can be used as an effective indicator for TST

A

weight gain

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5
Q

a successful TST indicator in goats

A

Milk production

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6
Q

an eye color chart that can indicate anaemia caused by H contortus

A

FAMACHA system

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7
Q

caused by a loss of the normal energy homeostatic mechanisms during late pregnancy

A

Ovine pregnancy toxaemia (OPT)

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8
Q

Ovine pregnancy toxaemia (OPT) cases are normally seen in

A

ewes carrying multiple fetuses

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9
Q

OPT also known as

A

‘twin lamb disease’

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10
Q

a direct consequence of maternal hypoglycaemia

A

Ovine pregnancy toxaemia (OPT)

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11
Q

most commonly measured ketone

A

β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB)

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12
Q

BHB levels in animals showing clinical signs of OPT are

A

often above 3 mmol/l

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13
Q

OPT subtype: due to a decline in the plane of nutrition during late pregnancy or a temporary period of fasting

A

Primary pregnancy toxaemia

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14
Q

OPT subtype: seen in underconditioned animals that have undergone a long period of undernutrition

A

Starvation pregnancy toxaemia

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15
Q

OPT subtype: seen in overconditioned animals (body condition score >3.5, on a 5-point scale). It is thought that excessive intra-abdominal fat limits rumen capacity and thus feed intake

A

Fat-ewe pregnancy toxaemia

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16
Q

OPT subtype: when OPT develops secondary to concomitant disease in the ewe (eg, dental disease, fasciolosis, chronic wasting diseases)

A

Secondary pregnancy toxaemia

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17
Q

OPT subtype: the effects of psychological stressors provoke the disease, either through effects on cortisol and insulin (Reid 1960), and/or disruption to feed intake

A

stress-induced pregnancy toxaemia

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18
Q

CS:
- Hypoaesthetic, hyporesponsive
- Constipation
- Shallow breaths
- Characteristic pose in sternal recumbency with
neck outstretched

A

Hypocalcaemia

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19
Q

Tx for OPT

A

oral administration of glucogenic substances, calcium borogluconate, NSAIDs and high-quality, palatable feeds

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20
Q

The best supported method for reducing
plasma BHB levels

A

Oral propylene glycol and glycerol, two to three times a day

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21
Q

the most widely used method for diagnosing gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection

A

McMaster technique

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22
Q

Eggs of gastrointestinal nematodes of livestock that are commonly seen in fecal samples (7 answers)

A
  1. Strongyle-type egg
  2. Nematodirus spp. egg
  3. Strongyloides spp. egg
  4. Skrjabinema spp. egg
  5. Trichuris spp egg
  6. Trichuris spp egg
  7. Capillaria spp. egg
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23
Q

a sensitive test that allows the quantifcation of 1 EPG of feces;
allows the diagnosis of lungworm larvae (Dictyocaulus
spp.) and trematode eggs (Fasciola hepatica)

A

FLOTAC

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24
Q

a modifcation of the McMaster technique and has a minimum detection limit of 30–35 EPG of feces

A

FECPAK

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25
In cattle: a test that is useful in determining which species are driving resistance in a property after a FECRT has shown poor results for a specific product and to understand the epidemiology of the parasites.
Coproculture
26
a scoring test that should not be used as a selective criterion in the diagnosis of non-hematophagous parasites
FAMACHA
27
this technique has been proven to be a useful monitoring tool when used in first-season grazing calves at housing to evaluate parasite exposure in the past grazing season
Plasma pepsinogen
28
The definitive diagnostic test for F. hepatica is
liver necropsy
29
most common clinical sign of dictyocaulosis in cattle.
persistent cough
30
an important parasitic disease of ruminant livestock caused by the protozoan parasite of the genus Eimeria
Coccidiosis
31
age of calves most susceptible to Coccidiosis
between 6 and 12 months
32
age of lambs and kids most susceptible to Coccidiosis
between 1 and 6 months
33
Subclinical disease of coccidiosis is characterized by ____
poor growth
34
Clinical disease of coccidiosis is most commonly characterized by ______.
diarrhea
35
T/F: Eimeria species that infect goats can also infect sheep or cattle and vice versa
F. Eimeria species are host-specific
36
T/F: There are certain species of Eimeria that are nonpathogenic
T
37
T/F: Eimeria arloingi is a pathogenic species of Eimeria affecting cattle
F. Affects goats
38
T/F: Eimeria zuernii is a pathogenic species of Eimeria affecting cattle
T
39
T/F: Sporulated oocysts are passed through the feces into the environment
F. Unsporulated
40
T/F: Oocysts become sporulated inside the host
F. become sporulated in the environment
41
Eimeria sporozoites infect cells of what organ
small intestine
42
Eimeria sporozoites transform into
merozoites
43
The endogenous phase of Eimeria life cycle begins with _________
the animal ingesting sporulated oocysts
44
a favorable environmental condition for sporulated oocysts are:
moderate heat and moisture
45
a condition that occurs in calves after heavy infections with Eimeria zuernii
Nervous coccidiosis
46
effective means of decreasing Eimeria oocysts in the environment (2 answers)
Exposure to sunlight, desiccation
47
May be best choice for Tx of coccidiosis in goats
Monensin (Rumensin)
48
a leguminous plant containing condensed tannins with anti-parasitic properties has been shown to be successful in preventing and controlling coccidiosis and gastrointestinal nematode infections in lambs
Sericea lespedeza
49
largely cause nonspecific clinical, biochemical, and histopathologic changes indicative of hepatic or biliary insult
Plant-derived hepatotoxins
50
the most important plant-derived toxins worldwide
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
51
the first organ damaged by toxic plants
liver
52
seen grossly as a shrunken and firm liver with nodules of hyperplasia admixed with fibrosis
Chronic liver failure
53
animals resistant to Dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) poisoning
small ruminants and most rodents
54
animals susceptible to Dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) poisoning
Chickens, cattle, pigs, and horses
55
a large, and diverse group of plant toxins that are found throughout the world in many species of the Boraginaceae, Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, and Fabaceae families
Dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs)
56
a legume forage used for hay, pasture, and soil improvement. The plant resembles red clover, but is distinguished by the absence of crescent-shaped marks on the leaflets.
Alsike clover
57
characterized by hepatic dysfunction and photosensitization, and is only reported in horses
second syndrome of Alsike clover
58
a primary photosensitization that is seen in cattle, sheep, swine, and horses
first syndrome of Alsike clover
59
Histopathologic lesions include subacute to chronic biliary hyperplasia and fibrosis
Alsike clover poisoning
60
Microscopic lesions include cholangitis, and eosinophilic crystalline material within bile ducts, canaliculi, and hepatocytes
61
Histologic lesions include dose-dependent hepatocellular vacuolation and centrilobular hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis
COCKLEBUR (XANTHIUM SPP)
62
have been attributed to corn cockle, soapwort, cow cockle, and broomweed
SAPONIN-CONTAINING PLANTS
63
chronic exposure cause leukoencephalomalacia in horses known as moldy corn poisoning
Fumonisins
64
toxic principles are phomopsins, which inhibit microtubule polymerization, thus hindering mitosis, which results in severe liver disease with secondary photosensitization
Lupin toxicosis
65
Plant poisoning results in diarrhea, inappetence, followed by icterus and photosensitization (facial eczema)
Sporidesmin poisoning
66
Acute bovine liver disease is an emerging disease associated with the ingestion of _____
Cynosurus echinatus
67
Acutely poisoned animals may develop constipation and inappetence as quickly as 2 hours after ingestion. This is followed by photosensitization, dull mentation, and icterus 24 to 48 hours after ingestion.
Lantana camara and other Lantana species poisoning
68
when this plant is included in hay, this can fatally poison cattle and possibly other species
Salvia reflexa

VMED 163: RUMINANT (6 decks)

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