From Cell to DNA Flashcards
What is a virus?
An acellular parasite that cannot reproduce on their own, therefore needing a host.
What encapsulates a viruses viral genome?
Proteins.
What is the cell membrane?
- The outer boundary of a cell that separates the internal environments from the external environment.
- It regulates the passage on substances in and out of the cell.
What is the nucleus?
- The nucleus contains cellular DNA to form chromosomes.
- The nucleus controls cellular activity by direction of protein synthesis through transcription and RNA processing.
The function of smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Play a role in lipid synthesis, detoxification and calcium storage.
The function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
It is studded with ribosome and is involved in protein synthesis and modification.
What is a ribosome?
Composed of RNA and protein, where protein molecules are synthesised from amino-acids.
what is a Lysosome?
It contains highly acidic fluid, which breaks down bacteria and cell debris. (I t has an essential role is immune system cells).
What is mitochondria?
Produces the main source of energy in cells by synthesising ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
It modifies, sorts and packs proteins and lipids from the ER and prepares them to be transports in other parts of the cells to be exported.
What is cytoplasm?
A jelly-like substance that fills the cell. - It provides a medium for various cellular processes and contains other organelle and cellular structures.
Define cell cycle.
A process where a cell divides into two new cells from pre-existing cells.
What is Meiosis?
A type of cell division that results in 4 daughter cells with half the chromosomes of the parent cell.
What is a nucleotide?
A structure made up of 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases?
- Adenine
- Thymine
- Cytosine
- Guanine
