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Herpetology > Frogs > Flashcards

Frogs Flashcards

1
Q

Anuran skeletal characteristics

A
  • fused radius and ulna (radioulna)
  • fused tibia and fibula (tibiofibula)
  • caudal vertebrae fusing into urostyle
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2
Q

what is the term that describes the warning coloration on frogs?

A

Aposematism

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3
Q

How do frogs feed

A
  • adhesive tongue attached in front of mouth

- jaws and teeth usually play minor role in prey capture

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4
Q

Term for frog humping

A

-Amplexus

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5
Q

Features for toad ID

A
  • cranial crest
  • Parotoid glands
  • Warts
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6
Q

Features for frog ID

A
  • Dorsolateral skin folds

- tympanum

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7
Q

New Zealand Frogs & Tailed Frogs (family and characteristics)

A
  • Family: Leiopelmatidae
  • Voiceless
  • Copulatory organ -> coplexus
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8
Q

Fire-bellied toads, flat headed frogs (family and characteristics)

A
  • Family: Bombinatoridae
  • Common in pet trade
  • has a sp of frog with no lungs
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9
Q

African Clawed Frog, Suriname Toads (family and characteristics)

A
  • Family: Pipidae
  • Tend to have an elaborate mating system
  • Eggs embedded in females
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10
Q

Nearctic spadefoots (family and characteristiscs)

A
  • Family: Scaphiopodidae
  • Fossorial
  • warty, but soft skin
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11
Q

Eastern Spadefoot (name, range, characteristics)

A
  • Scaphiopus holbrookii
  • vertical pupils
  • sickle-shaped spade on underside of each foot
  • prefers well drained, sandy soil
  • Only in long island
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12
Q

Australian Toadlets, Turtle Frogs (family)

A

-Family: Myobatrachidae

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13
Q

Glass Frogs (family and characteristics)

A
  • Family: Centrolenidae
  • transparent abdominal skin
  • mostly arboreal
  • lay eggs on leaves and branches above streams
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14
Q

Posion frogs (family and characteristics)

A
  • Family: Dendrobatidae
  • lipophilic alkaloids sequestered from feeding on ants
  • Aposematic
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15
Q

True toads, harlequin frogs (family and characteristics)

A
  • Family: Bufonidae
  • Parotoid glands
  • Pelvic patch for rapid water uptake from a substrate
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16
Q

American toad (name, range, characteristics)

A

-Bufo americanus
-spots on belly
parotoid glads dont touch cranial crest
-breed in spring
-extremely common in NY

17
Q

Fowlers toad (name, characteristics, range)

A
  • Bufo fowleri
  • unspotted belly
  • prefers sandy soils
  • Southern NY, long island range
18
Q

Tree frogs (family, characteristics)

A
  • Family: Hylidae
  • high diversity in tropics
  • most arboreal, some ground dwelling
19
Q

Northern cricket frog (name, characterisitcs, range)

A
  • Acris crepitans
  • smallest frog in NY
  • breed in early summer
  • restricted to one range in S NY
20
Q

Gray tree frog (name, range, characteristics)

A
  • Hyla versicolor
  • tree-dwelling
  • identical to copes gray treefrog
  • common in most parts of NY
21
Q

Copes gray tree frog (name, range, characteristics)

A
  • Hyla chrysoscelis
  • call speed varies with temp
  • faster call than H. versicolor
22
Q

Spring peeper (name, range, characteristics)

A
  • Pseudacris crucifer
  • dark X on back
  • breed in late winter/early spring
  • found everywhere in NY
23
Q

Western chorus frog (name, range, characteristics)

A
  • Pseudacris triseriata
  • poorly developed toe discs
  • no webbing between toes
  • Found in W NY south of Lake Ontario
24
Q

Why is there an open spot between in the W chorus frog range

A
  • two separate species that were usually treated as one

- Boreal chorus frog

25
Q

Afroasian tree frogs (family and characteristics)

A
  • Family: Rhacophoridae
  • Enlarged toe pads
  • can glide from canopy
26
Q

True frogs (family and characteristics)

A
  • Family: Ranidae
  • typically found in ponds
  • long legs with webbing between toes
27
Q

Bullfrog (name, range, characteristics)

A
  • Rana catesbeianus
  • largest frog in NY
  • no dorsolateral fold
  • breed in summer
  • common everywhere in NY
28
Q

Green frog

A
  • Rana clamitans
  • one of the most common frogs in NY
  • permanent water bodies
29
Q

Mink frog (name, range, characteristics)

A
  • Rana septentrionalis
  • musky, mink like odor
  • breed in summer
  • webs on feet go past toes
  • only in ADK region
30
Q

Pickerel frog (name, range, characteristics)

A
  • Rana palustris
  • rectangle spots on back
  • slow, shallow moving waters
  • last frog to enter habitation
  • common throughout NY
31
Q

Northern leopard frog (name, range, characteristics)

A
  • Rana pipiens
  • light borders around spots on back
  • dorsolateral fold (white) runs down entire length
  • common in everywhere except S NY and ADK
32
Q

Southern leopard frog (name, range, characteristics)

A
  • Rana sphenocephalus
  • light dot in middle of tympanum
  • prefers wetlands
  • only in long island, and one watershed in central NY
33
Q

Atlantic coast leopard frog (name, range, characteristics)

A
  • Rana kauffeldi
  • open and vegetated wetlands
  • lass varied coloration than southern
34
Q

Wood frog (name, range, characteristics)

A
  • Rana sylvaticus
  • dark eye mask
  • prominent dorsal folds
  • freeze tolerant
  • explosive breeders in early spring
  • common everywhere in NY
35
Q

Narrow-mouthed frogs (family and characteristics)

A
  • Family: Microhylidae

- worldwide except Antarctica

36
Q

Toxins associated with toads

A

-Bufotoxins in parotoid glands

37
Q

Function of the tympanum

A

-transmits sound vibrations to inner ear

Herpetology (8 decks)

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