Frog Dissection Flashcards
What is the frogs mouth?
A large opening at the front of the head end of the frog. It has both lower and upper jaws.
What are the external nares?
The nostrils, two small openings just above the mouth connecting to the internal nares.
What are the eyesockets and what is unique about the eye placement?
The eyesockets are on the upper jaw, the eyes are just back of the nostrils on the top of the head so that the frog can see without coming out of the water
What is the nictitating membrane?
A membrane that extends from the lower eyelid to cover and protect the eyes while it is swimming. It is transparent
What is the typanum?
The ear drum, a round membrane just back and below The eye on each side. The frog has no external ear structure.
What is the trunk?
The portion of the body behind the head. The frog does not have a neck
Where is the cloacal opening?
At the upper back end of the frog on the dorsal side. Digestive waste, excretory wastes, and reproductive products are excreted.
What is notable about the frog’s digits?
On forelimbs: four fingers and medial nonfunctional (vestigial) thumb. On male frog, pad on the most nedial digit of each had is enlarged.
On hindlimbs: Five webbed toes and vestigial sixth toe on inner middle of foot
What is the skin?
Pigment granules are dispersed through the other layer (epidermis) and in pigment cells (dermis) Loosely attached, smooth, moist.
What are the maxillary teeth?
Found on margin of upper jaw, small, ribbed structure.
What are the vomerine teeth?
Two teeth between the internal nares on the upper jaw, used for crushing.
What are the internal nares?
Internal opening on upper jaw beside vomerine teeth for breathing. Connected to external nares via tube.
What is the Eustachian tube?
Found near the hinge of the jaw on each side.
What is the pharynx?
Throat area in the back of the oral cavity, begins at hinge of jaw and extends back towards chest.
What is the esophagus?
Back of the pharynx, behind the glottis, connects to the stomach.
What is notable about the tongue?
Tongue is attached at the front of the lower jaw so it can flick out and capture prey. It is notched and the back so it doesn’t cover the glottis when it sits.
What is the heart?
Three chambered muscular organ. Consists of left atrium, right atrium, and single ventricle. The system is less efficient because high oxygen and low oxygen blood mix. Major artery from the heart the conus arteriosus and has three major branches. In the center of the chest cavity.
What is the liver?
Brownish, three lobed organ. Largest organ, covering area around and below hear and over lungs. It contains bile and has digestive functions.
What is the spleen?
Dark, reddish brown body found near the back wall of the abdomen. This is a small round body in the mesentery on the midline near the pyloric sphincter.
What are the lungs?
Lie left and right of the heart in the chest area. Have a sac like structure. Bronchus connects to glottis. Inside are small chambers, alveoli. Glottis extends to folds of tissue, the vocal cords, to the trachea, to the bronchi.
What is the stomach?
A long white organ on the left side of the abdomen beginning at the esophagus under the heart and lungs extending near to the lower end of the abdomen. The pyloric sphincter is a muscular valve at its lower end.
What is the small intestine?
Begins at the pyloric sphincter and extends as a coiled tube of small diameter. It ends near the lower end of the abdomen at the large intestine. It is held in place by the mesentery membrane.
What is the large intestine?
A short tube of large diameter that opens into the cloaca.
What is the cloaca?
The chamber receiving urine, digestive wastes, and reproductive cells. It opens to the outside through the cloacal opening.
What is the gall bladder?
A small, round, dark, often greenish sac attached to the back surface of the liver. The bile duct connects the liver and gall bladder to the small intestine.
What is the pancreas?
A flattened organ between the small intestine and stomach. The small intestine dolled back along the lower surface of the stomach and the pancreas is usually held in the mesentery between the two organs.
What are the kidneys?
Two flattened, elongated organs lying on the dorsal surface of the abdomen and covered with a membrane called peritoneum. Each kidney connects through ducts to the cloaca. The long narrow structure on each kidney is the adrenal gland.
What is the urinary bladder?
A small sack connected by a short tube to the cloaca.
What is the ovaries?
Many lobed organs of the female frog which in the spring of the year contain thousands of eggs. When ripe they fill much of the space in the abdomen.
Was are the oviducts?
Thin white coiled tubes along each side of the female frog to transport the eggs.
What are the testes?
Each testis is a small oval organ of the male frog attached by the mesentery to the front surface of the kidney. The testis produce sperm cells.
What are the fat bodies?
Yellowish tissue with long finger like lobes in front of the testes or ovaries.
