Fricatives Flashcards
Manner of articulation
Formed by narrowing the breadth passage in a way that audible friction is created when the breath comes out.
Place of articulation
There are four pairs:
between the upper teeth and the lower lip /f,v/
between the blade of the tongue and the teeth ridge /s,z/
between the tip of the tongue and the teeth /θ,ð/
between the blade of the tongue and the front of the tongue on one side and the teeth ridge and the hard palate on the other /sh, zh/
in the glottis /h/
Force of articulation
/f,s,θ,sh/ are pronounced with more muscular energy, they’re fortis. H is fortis.
Voicing
The lenis fricatives are pronounced with vibration of the vocal cords. They are fully voiced in intervocallic positions. In initial position they are partially devoiced. In final position they are partially devoiced.
Lenght of preceding vowels
Lenis fricatives tend to lengthen preceding vowels, and fortis do not.
Sound /θ/
VOICELESS, INTERDENTAL, FRICATIVE
Formed by putting the tip of the tongue between the teeth creating a narrow passage for the breath stream. The vocal cords do not vibrate, it is a fortis consonant.
When an alveolar consonant precedes, θ assimilates its place of articulation and the alveolar consonant becomes dental (eight)
Soung /ð/
VOICED, INTERDENTAL, FRICATIVE
Formed by putting the tip of the tongue between the teeth creating a narrow passage for the breath stream. The vocal cords vibrate, it is a lenis consonant. It keeps the length of the preceding vowels.
Sound /h/
VOICELESS, GLOTTAL, FRICATIVE
Articulated in the glottis. The speech organs take the position for the following vowel. The vocal cords do not vibrate, it is a fortis consonant. It is considered a strong voiceless onset of the following vowel.
H is ellided in sentence medial and final position when unstressed (he can become i)
H has one allophone which appears in front of /j/ and is a devoiced variant of /j/ (huge, humorous)
