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Theories of Personality > Freud: Psychoanalysis > Flashcards

Freud: Psychoanalysis Flashcards

1
Q

Freud saw mental functioning as operating on three levels; these levels of mental life are __, __, and __.

A

Unconscious, preconscious, and

conscious

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2
Q

Includes drives and instincts that are beyond awareness but that motivate most human behaviors

A

Unconscious

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3
Q

Unconscious drives can become conscious
only in __ form, such
as dream images, slips of the tongue, or neurotic symptoms

A

Disguised or distorted

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4
Q

The blocking out of

anxiety−filled experiences

A

Repression

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5
Q

Inherited experiences that lie beyond an individual’s personal experience

A

Phylogenetic endowment

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6
Q

Contains images that are not in awareness but that can become conscious either quite easily or with some level of difficulty

A

Preconscious

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7
Q

Plays a relatively minor role in Freudian theory; stem from either the perception of external stimuli (our perceptual conscious system) or from the unconscious and preconscious after they have evaded censorship

A

Consciousness

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8
Q

Freud conceptualized three regions of the mind: __, __, and __.

A

Id, the ego, and the superego

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9
Q

Completely unconscious, serves the pleasure principle and contains our basic instincts; operates through the primary process

A

Id

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10
Q

Governed by the reality principle and is responsible for reconciling the unrealistic demands of the id and the superego; secondary process

A

Ego

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11
Q

Has two subsystems−the conscience and the ego−ideal; serves the idealistic principle

A

Superego

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12
Q

Results from punishment for improper behavior

A

Conscience

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13
Q

Stems from rewards for socially acceptable behavior

A

Ego-ideal

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14
Q

The forces that motivate people

A

Dynamics of personality

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15
Q

Eros or the life instinct

A

Sex

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16
Q

__ of the sexual drive is pleasure which can be gained through the erogenous zones

A

Aim

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17
Q

__ is any person or thing that brings sexual pleasure

A

Object

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18
Q

Self-centeredness among infants

A

Primary narcissism

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19
Q

Self-centeredness in adolescence and adulthood that is not universal

A

Secondary narcissism

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20
Q

Receiving sexual pleasure from inflicting pain on another

A

Sadism

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21
Q

Receiving sexual pleasure from painful experiences

A

Masochism

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22
Q

Destructive instinct

A

Aggression

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23
Q

__ aims to return a person to an inorganic state, but it is ordinarily directed against other people

A

Destructive instinct

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24
Q

Felt only by the ego, but the id, superego and outside world can be a source

A

Anxiety

25
Q

Stems from the ego’s relation with the id

A

Neurotic anxiety

26
Q

Similar to guilt and results from the ego’s relation with the superego

A

Moral anxiety

27
Q

Similar to fear, is produced by the ego’s relation with the real world

A

Realistic anxiety

28
Q

Operate to protect the ego against the pain of anxiety

A

Defense mechanisms

29
Q

Involves forcing unwanted, anxiety−loaded experiences into the unconscious

A

Repression

30
Q

The most basic of all defense mechanisms because it is an active process in each of the others

A

Repression

31
Q

The ego’s attempt to do away with unpleasant experiences and their consequences, usually by means of repetitious ceremonial actions

A

Undoing

32
Q

Marked by obsessive thoughts and involves the ego’s attempt to isolate an experience by surrounding it with a blacked−out region of insensibility

A

Isolation

33
Q

marked by the repression of one Impulse and the ostentatious expression of its exact opposite

A

Reaction formation

34
Q

Takes place when people redirect their unwanted urges onto other objects or people in order to disguise the original impulse

A

Displacement

35
Q

Develop when psychic energy is blocked at one stage of development, making psychological change difficult

A

Fixations

36
Q

Occur whenever a person reverts to earlier, more infantile modes of behavior

A

Regressions

37
Q

Seeing in others those unacceptable feelings or behaviors that actually reside in one’s own unconscious; when carried to extreme, it can become paranoia, which is characterized by delusions of persecution

A

Projection

38
Q

Take place when people incorporate positive qualities of another person into their own ego to reduce feelings of inferiority

A

Introjections

39
Q

Involve the elevation of the sexual instinct’s aim to a higher level, which permits people to make contributions to society and culture

A

Sublimations

40
Q

Freud saw __ as proceeding from birth to maturity through four overlapping stages

A

Psychosexual development

41
Q

This stage encompasses the first 4 to 5 years of life and is divided into three subphases

A

Infantile stage

42
Q

During this phase, an infant is primarily motivated to receive pleasure through the mouth

A

Oral phase

43
Q

A child goes through this phase during the second year of life

A

Anal phase

44
Q

If parents are too punitive during the anal phase, the child may become an __

A

Anal character

45
Q

The anal triad includes __

A

Orderliness, stinginess, and obstinacy

46
Q

During this phase, boys and girls begin to have differing psychosexual development

A

Phallic phase

47
Q

Boys and girls experience the __ in which they have sexual feelings for one parent and hostile feelings for the other

A

Oedipus complex

48
Q

Takes the form of castration anxiety and it breaks up the male Oedipus complex and results in a well−formed male superego

A

Male castration complex

49
Q

Castration complex, in the form of __, precedes the female Oedipus complex, which leads to only a gradual and incomplete shattering of the female Oedipus complex and a weaker, more flexible female superego

A

Penis envy

50
Q

It takes place from about age 5 until puberty−in which the sexual instinct is partially suppressed

A

Latency period

51
Q

Begins with puberty, when adolescents experience a reawakening of the genital aim of Eros

A

Genital period

52
Q

A stage in which the ego would be in control of the id and superego and in which consciousness would play a more important role in behavior

A

Psychological maturity

53
Q

Patients are required to say whatever comes to mind, no matter how irrelevant or distasteful

A

Free association

54
Q

Conscious description of a dream

A

Manifest content

55
Q

Unconscious meaning of a dream

A

Latent content

56
Q

Nearly all dreams are __, although they are usually unconscious and can be known only through dream interpretation

A

Wish−fulfillments

57
Q

Uses both dream symbols and the dreamer’s associations to the dream content

A

Dream analysis

58
Q

Not chance accidents but reveal a person’s true but unconscious intentions

A

Parapraxes or Freudian slips

Theories of Personality (20 decks)

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