Freud: Psychoanalysis

Question 1

Freud saw mental functioning as operating on three levels; these levels of mental life are __, __, and __.

Answer 1

Unconscious, preconscious, and

conscious

Question 2

Includes drives and instincts that are beyond awareness but that motivate most human behaviors

Answer 2

Unconscious

Question 3

Unconscious drives can become conscious
only in __ form, such
as dream images, slips of the tongue, or neurotic symptoms

Answer 3

Disguised or distorted

Question 4

The blocking out of

anxiety−filled experiences

Answer 4

Repression

Question 5

Inherited experiences that lie beyond an individual’s personal experience

Answer 5

Phylogenetic endowment

Question 6

Contains images that are not in awareness but that can become conscious either quite easily or with some level of difficulty

Answer 6

Preconscious

Question 7

Plays a relatively minor role in Freudian theory; stem from either the perception of external stimuli (our perceptual conscious system) or from the unconscious and preconscious after they have evaded censorship

Answer 7

Consciousness

Question 8

Freud conceptualized three regions of the mind: __, __, and __.

Answer 8

Id, the ego, and the superego

Question 9

Completely unconscious, serves the pleasure principle and contains our basic instincts; operates through the primary process

Answer 9

Id

Question 10

Governed by the reality principle and is responsible for reconciling the unrealistic demands of the id and the superego; secondary process

Answer 10

Ego

Question 11

Has two subsystems−the conscience and the ego−ideal; serves the idealistic principle

Answer 11

Superego

Question 12

Results from punishment for improper behavior

Answer 12

Conscience

Question 13

Stems from rewards for socially acceptable behavior

Answer 13

Ego-ideal

Question 14

The forces that motivate people

Answer 14

Dynamics of personality

Question 15

Eros or the life instinct

Answer 15

Sex

Question 16

__ of the sexual drive is pleasure which can be gained through the erogenous zones

Answer 16

Aim

Question 17

__ is any person or thing that brings sexual pleasure

Answer 17

Object

Question 18

Self-centeredness among infants

Answer 18

Primary narcissism

Question 19

Self-centeredness in adolescence and adulthood that is not universal

Answer 19

Secondary narcissism

Question 20

Receiving sexual pleasure from inflicting pain on another

Answer 20

Sadism

Question 21

Receiving sexual pleasure from painful experiences

Answer 21

Masochism

Question 22

Destructive instinct

Answer 22

Aggression

Question 23

__ aims to return a person to an inorganic state, but it is ordinarily directed against other people

Answer 23

Destructive instinct

Question 24

Felt only by the ego, but the id, superego and outside world can be a source

Answer 24

Anxiety

Question 25

Stems from the ego's relation with the id

Answer 25

Neurotic anxiety

Question 26

Similar to guilt and results from the ego's relation with the superego

Answer 26

Moral anxiety

Question 27

Similar to fear, is produced by the ego's relation with the real world

Answer 27

Realistic anxiety

Question 28

Operate to protect the ego against the pain of anxiety

Answer 28

Defense mechanisms

Question 29

Involves forcing unwanted, anxiety−loaded experiences into the unconscious

Answer 29

Repression

Question 30

The most basic of all defense mechanisms because it is an active process in each of the others

Answer 30

Repression

Question 31

The ego's attempt to do away with unpleasant experiences and their consequences, usually by means of repetitious ceremonial actions

Answer 31

Undoing

Question 32

Marked by obsessive thoughts and involves the ego's attempt to isolate an experience by surrounding it with a blacked−out region of insensibility

Answer 32

Isolation

Question 33

marked by the repression of one Impulse and the ostentatious expression of its exact opposite

Answer 33

Reaction formation

Question 34

Takes place when people redirect their unwanted urges onto other objects or people in order to disguise the original impulse

Answer 34

Displacement

Question 35

Develop when psychic energy is blocked at one stage of development, making psychological change difficult

Answer 35

Fixations

Question 36

Occur whenever a person reverts to earlier, more infantile modes of behavior

Answer 36

Regressions

Question 37

Seeing in others those unacceptable feelings or behaviors that actually reside in one's own unconscious; when carried to extreme, it can become paranoia, which is characterized by delusions of persecution

Answer 37

Projection

Question 38

Take place when people incorporate positive qualities of another person into their own ego to reduce feelings of inferiority

Answer 38

Introjections

Question 39

Involve the elevation of the sexual instinct's aim to a higher level, which permits people to make contributions to society and culture

Answer 39

Sublimations

Question 40

Freud saw __ as proceeding from birth to maturity through four overlapping stages

Answer 40

Psychosexual development

Question 41

This stage encompasses the first 4 to 5 years of life and is divided into three subphases

Answer 41

Infantile stage

Question 42

During this phase, an infant is primarily motivated to receive pleasure through the mouth

Answer 42

Oral phase

Question 43

A child goes through this phase during the second year of life

Answer 43

Anal phase

Question 44

If parents are too punitive during the anal phase, the child may become an __

Answer 44

Anal character

Question 45

The anal triad includes __

Answer 45

Orderliness, stinginess, and obstinacy

Question 46

During this phase, boys and girls begin to have differing psychosexual development

Answer 46

Phallic phase

Question 47

Boys and girls experience the __ in which they have sexual feelings for one parent and hostile feelings for the other

Answer 47

Oedipus complex

Question 48

Takes the form of castration anxiety and it breaks up the male Oedipus complex and results in a well−formed male superego

Answer 48

Male castration complex

Question 49

Castration complex, in the form of __, precedes the female Oedipus complex, which leads to only a gradual and incomplete shattering of the female Oedipus complex and a weaker, more flexible female superego

Answer 49

Penis envy

Question 50

It takes place from about age 5 until puberty−in which the sexual instinct is partially suppressed

Answer 50

Latency period

Question 51

Begins with puberty, when adolescents experience a reawakening of the genital aim of Eros

Answer 51

Genital period

Question 52

A stage in which the ego would be in control of the id and superego and in which consciousness would play a more important role in behavior

Answer 52

Psychological maturity

Question 53

Patients are required to say whatever comes to mind, no matter how irrelevant or distasteful

Answer 53

Free association

Question 54

Conscious description of a dream

Answer 54

Manifest content

Question 55

Unconscious meaning of a dream

Answer 55

Latent content

Question 56

Nearly all dreams are __, although they are usually unconscious and can be known only through dream interpretation

Answer 56

Wish−fulfillments

Question 57

Uses both dream symbols and the dreamer's associations to the dream content

Answer 57

Dream analysis

Question 58

Not chance accidents but reveal a person's true but unconscious intentions

Answer 58

Parapraxes or Freudian slips