Freud

Question 1

Civilization

Answer 1

Prevents the strongest individual from abusing the others

Question 2

Threat to civilization

Answer 2

The aggressive drive - instinctual, natural, irrational, can’t be overcome by rational self-interest

Question 3

Techniques to deal with threat to civilization

Answer 3

1. Counteract it with the erotic drive
2. Encourage its sublimation
3. Externalizer outside the community
4. Encourage individuals to introject it

Question 4

Counteract it with the erotic drive

Answer 4

Limit sexuality (love relations) between individuals to free up energy, then spread it around more generally to the community (I love everyone)

Question 5

Encourage its sublimation

Answer 5

Channel aggression into non-harmful, socially acceptable activities (fictional representations, artistic creations, organized sport, etc)

Question 6

Externalize it outside the community

Answer 6

Create unity y directing aggression towards a socially acceptable target, eg., scapegoating

Question 7

Encourage individuals to introject it

Answer 7

Individuals inter analyze aggression and hurt themselves, this is superego - aka, feeling of guilt, need for punishment, conscience.

Question 8

Problems with our conscience

Answer 8

Punishes us for thoughts and desires not just actions, gets its moral standards from other people (parents and community), the more we obey, the harsher and more punitive it becomes because its not really moral agency it’s just self-flagellation.