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Earth Science 2023-24 > freshwater, groundwater, surface water > Flashcards

freshwater, groundwater, surface water Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

properties of water

A

expands as a solid, neutral ph, high specific heat

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2
Q

what is cohesion

A

attraction of water molecules have to other water molecules

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3
Q

what is adhesion

A

attraction of water molecules to other substances

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4
Q

what is transpiration

A

water vapor leaving plant leaves

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5
Q

what is condensation

A

water going into gas to water (what forms clouds)

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6
Q

what is precipitation

A

water released from clouds in various forms

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7
Q

what is evaporation

A

water changing from liquid to gas

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8
Q

what is infiltration

A

water seeping into ground (soil)

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9
Q

what is runoff

A

water that runs along the land’s surface

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10
Q

what is an aquifer

A

underground water

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11
Q

why does water act differently?

A

because of its polarity

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12
Q

how much of Earth’s water is freshwater

A

2.5%

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13
Q

how much of Earth’s freshwater is available for living things

A

1%

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14
Q

what is a watershed

A

is an area of land that drains into a particular body of water

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15
Q

what are headwaters

A

formed at higher elevations ( beginning of river)

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16
Q

what happens as water slows?

A

sediment is deposited and makes deltas (this is near bay/oceans)

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17
Q

what is an estuary

A

where the mouth of the river mixes with the ocean - makes brackish water

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18
Q

what is the largest estuary in the us?

A

Chesapeake Bay

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19
Q

what do all lakes and ponds have in common

A

are areas naturally filled with water
-ponds are smaller than lakes

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20
Q

where is the littoral zone

A

nearest to the shore; waters are warm, shallow, and sunlit

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21
Q

where is limnetic zone

A

an open area too deep for emergent plants; is still warm and sunlit

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22
Q

where is the profundal zone

A

is cold and aphotic
2nd to bottom

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23
Q

what is photic

A

means sunlit

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24
Q

what is aphotic

A

means it is not sunlit

25
Q

what is deritus

A

organic matter that has sunk to the bottom

26
Q

what is an oligotrophic lake

A

have low nutrient levels limiting algae and phytoplankton growth (turbidity)

27
Q

what is turbidity

A

how cloudy the water is

28
Q

what is eutrophic lakes

A

have high nutrient levels and excessive algae growth; very high turbidity

29
Q

what is a stream

A

narrow channels that carry runoff water towards rivers

30
Q

how do rivers form

A

gravity is responsible for forming rivers- water from mountains

31
Q

what is the temperature, oxygen level, and nutrient level of water at source of river

A

high levels of oxygen , cold, low turbidity, low nutrients, no salinity

32
Q

what is the the temperature, oxygen level, and nutrient level of water in transition zone

A

widen/deepens, becomes warmer, decreased dissolved oxygen, increased nutrient level

33
Q

what kind of water is found at the mouth of the river

A

low dissolved 02, high nutrients, warmer water temps, high turbidity, moderate salinity, water slows down, sediment settles (delta)

34
Q

what is a freshwater wetland

A

areas containing soils that are usually water logged - completely saturated in water

35
Q

what are the 3 types of wetlands

A

marsh, swamp, bog

36
Q

what is a marsh

A

found in low-lying treeless areas with vegetative grasses

37
Q

what are swamps

A

low-lying wetlands dominated by trees

38
Q

what is a bog

A

have floating mats of plant matter that living plants grow on; slow rates of decomposition result in nutrient-poor water

39
Q

what are 3 adaptations of wetland plants

A

floating, carnivorous, emergent

40
Q

what is flowing adaptation

A

fewer vascular tissues needed since water is abundant, making them light

41
Q

carnivorous adaptations

A

capture and digest insects to increase nitrogen and phosphorus absorption

42
Q

what is emergent adaptations

A

many empty spaces in tissues to allow oxygen to flow through the plant and into submerged roots

43
Q

what are coastal lagoons

A

saltwater pools that are separated from the ocean by sand banks / coral reefs

44
Q

what is a tidal flat

A

saltwater wetland areas that are continually covered and uncovered by the tides

45
Q

what are deltas

A

landforms at river mouths formed by deposited sediment by tides

46
Q

what is an estuary

A

partially-enclosed bodies of water where river water mixes with sea water, forming brackish water

47
Q

what is a salt marsh

A

are tidal flats dominated by herbs and grasses

48
Q

what is a sea grass bed

A

containing submerged plants that resemble grass

49
Q

what is a mangrove forest

A

have trees with roots that can filter salt; limits coastal erosion; is a buffer ocean and shore

50
Q

what is biodiversity

A

amount of life and the different type of life

51
Q

what is flood control

A

through mangroves- tree helps slow speed of waves( reduces impact of waves)

52
Q

If we got rid of 1 acre of wetlands what would happen

A

society average would be $1900 dollars in flood damage

53
Q

how much water can an acre of wetland hold?

A

3 acre feet or 100,000,000 gallons

54
Q

How do wetlands help pollution control?

A

responsible for filtration of water that passes through them by trapping waste/ sediment

55
Q

What do wetlands provide?

A

a “sink” for many chemicals including atmosphere carbon

56
Q

What are CWs

A

are artificial wetlands; they are used to take in waste and filter it

57
Q

Facts about Ogallala Aquifer

A

largest aquifer in US, under Midwest, is confined aquifer, will only last another 40yrs

58
Q

facts about Chesapeake Bay Watershed

A

largest estuary in US, includes portions of 6 states, average depth is 21ft, home to 188,000,000 people, starts in cooperstown NY

59
Q

Potomac area

A

largest aquifer in Va, is a confined aquifer,we remove 150 million gallons a day

Earth Science 2023-24 (8 decks)

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