French Revolution Flashcards
The French Revolution saw the introduction of this new system of weights and measures.
The Metric System
List of grievances created by each of the three estates regarding dissatisfaction with tax inequality and the government of Louis XVI.
cahiers de doléances
This August 10, 1792 Parisian uprising resulted in the slaughter of Swiss Guards protecting the royal family and signaled the beginning of the “2nd Revolution.”
The Storming of the Tuleries.
This was the first country to rebel against Napoleon’s rule. It resulted in a bloody guerrilla war.
Spain
With this 1801 agreement, Napoleon reestablished relations with the Catholic Church, although the French government retained Church lands and the power to appoint bishops.
Concordat of 1801
This policy of the Jacobins during the Reign of Terror caused the greatest amount of internal opposition.
The De-Christianization
This small group, led by Robespierre, oversaw the Reign of Terror.
The Committee of Public Safety
This clergyman in 1789 proclaimed that the Third Estate was “Everything!”
Abbé Sieyès
This declaration by Prussia, after it had invaded France, warned French revolutionaries that Paris and its citizens would be destroyed if harm came to the royal family.
The Brunswick Manifesto
The coup d’état Brumaire led to the rise of this leader.
Napoleon Bonaparte
This document officially created a constitutional monarchy after Louis XVIII was restored to the throne.
The Charter of 1814
Ordered by the Committee of Public Safety in 1793, this called for universal conscription of all healthy males into the French army to counter foreign military threats demonstrating increased nationalism.
The levée en masse
This philosophe advocated a constitutional monarchy, similar to that of Britain, based on separation of powers.
Montesquieu
Printed during the Revolution, this was the first paper currency in French history. It was backed by the value of confiscated lands.
Assignats
Napoleon developed this system of promotion where talented people could rise up the social ladder, even if they were not born wealthy.
Meritocracy: careers open to the talented
Named after the month when it happened, this 1794 reaction deposed and executed Robespierre ending the Reign of Terror and restoring some order to France.
The Thermidorian Reaction
This 1791 Austro-Prussian statement was actually a bluff to placate French émigrés. It demanded that Louis XVI be restored to power.
The Declaration of Pillnitz
In August of 1789, this social system was abolished by the National Assembly, and freed peasants of their obligations. It was also abolished in territories conquered by Napoleon.
Feudalism
This earlier foreign Revolution contributed to France’s enormous debt and also inspired liberals to demand more political liberty.
The American Revolution
The bourgeoisie in France belonged to this Estate.
The Third Estate
This 1789 document guaranteed personal freedoms and right to private property, became the blueprint for the French Constitution of 1791, and was largely based on classical liberalism.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man
With his creation of the Confederation of the Rhine, Napoleon officially killed this centuries-old empire in Germany.
The Holy Roman Empire
This law represented the biggest mistake of the National Assembly provoking deep internal opposition when it made the Church a department of the national government.
The Civil Constitution of the Clergy
This military alliance against France began in 1792 and lasted 5 years until its defeat in 1797.
The First Coalition
The First Estate included this strata of French society.
The clergy
Napoleon created this economic alliance in 1806 that sought to destroy Britain’s trade with Continental Europe.
The Continental System
This July 20, 1789 pledge by the Third Estate proclaimed it the sovereign power of France while promising to create a constitution.
The Tennis Court Oath
This set of laws, established after 1799, protected private property and the authority of husbands and become the foundation of French law all the way up to the present.
The Napoleonic Code
This well-planned, violent attack in Paris on July 14, 1789, was led by the middle class who inadvertently saved the National Assembly. Paris was now lost to the king!
The Storming of the Bastille
Hysteria surrounding Prussia’s invasion of France in September of 1792, led to this “slaughter of the innocents” in Paris.
The September Massacres
This rowdy faction consisted of the Parisian working class and small merchants who were responsible for much of the Revolution’s violence.
The sans-culottes
This “left” faction, named after a political club, first came to prominence during the Legislative Assembly and it dominated the National Convention.
The Jacobins
During the National Convention, this sub-faction pushed France in a more radical direction and included the likes of Robespierre, Danton and Marat.
The Mountain
This social group dominated the Directory.
The bourgeoisie
Though slightly radical, this faction was more rural and moderate than its main competitor on the “left,” and it led France into war in 1792.
The Girondins
This French feminist wrote the Rights of Woman demanding more political and economic rights for women.
Olympe de Gouges
This style of architecture was popular during the Napoleonic Empire.
Classical
This British woman wrote Vindication of the Rights of Woman.
Mary Wollstonecraft
This famous French neoclassical artist embodied the ideals of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Era.
Jacques-Louis David
Occurring in 1815, this was the last battle of the Napoleonic Wars.
Waterloo
Negotiations for the end of the Napoleonic Wars occurred at this 1814-1815 convention.
The Congress of Vienna
This naval battle, won by Lord Horatio Nelson, effectively saved Britain from invasion while crippling the French fleet.
The Battle of Trafalgar
