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AP Euro > Final Review for Semester One > Flashcards

Final Review for Semester One Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
0
Q

This write believed that “a wise ruler ought never to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interests.”

A

Machiavelli

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1
Q

This treaty was issued by Pope Alexander VI in 1494 in order to prevent military conflicts between Spain & Portugal over their New World claims.

A

Treaty of Tordesillas

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2
Q

This invention contributed to the success of the Renaissance culture and the Protestant Reformation.

A

The printing press

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3
Q

One of Peter the Great’s key accomplishments was the development of the region along this sea’s coastline.

A

Baltic Sea

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4
Q

This event led to the creation of constitutional, Anglican monarchs, parliamentary control over royal revenues and taxation & religious toleration for Puritans and Quakers.

A

The Glorious Revolution

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5
Q

This scientist demonstrated how the universe works through explainable natural forces in Principia.

A

Isaac Newton

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6
Q

This group of people experienced a decline in economic and political opportunities during the Italian Renaissance.

A

Upper class women

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7
Q

This country was dominated by foreign powers from 1450 to 1550.

A

Italy

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8
Q

This baroque palace was used by Louis XIV to control the nobility.

A

Versailles

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9
Q

This explorer was the first to find an all-water route to India by rounding the southern tip of Africa.

A

Vasco da Gama

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10
Q

This master of perspective built in Florence the then-largest dome in the world, known as Il Duomo.

A

Brunelleschi

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11
Q

The caravel, astrolabe, lateen sail, and improved map making were technological innovations used for this purpose.

A

Navigation and Exploration

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12
Q

Between 1689 and 1815, the central issue in European diplomacy was limiting the power of this country.

A

France

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13
Q

The Italian Renaissance focused more on written works from these countries than the Northern Renaissance.

A

Greece and Rome

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14
Q

This Dominican friar opposed the cruel acts committed against native peoples by Spanish Christians.

A

Bartolome de las Casas

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15
Q

The work of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and Edward Jenner’s research paved the way for control of this disease.

A

Smallpox

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16
Q

This man founded the Society of Jesus and supported repressive measures in order to combat heresy within Catholic countries.

A

Ignatius Loyola

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17
Q

This artistic style rejected Renaissance ideals by emphasizing dramatic action and emotion

A

Baroque

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18
Q

This treaty recognized Calvinism in Germany, ended the influence of the HRE, recognized the independence of the Dutch and Switzerland, and gave some territory to Prussia.

A

Treaty of Westphalia

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19
Q

This country had the most important trade and finance center during the early 1600s.

A

Dutch Republic

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20
Q

Thus 16th c. Catholic figure promoted emotionalism and having a personal relationship with God.

A

Teresa of Avila

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21
Q

This scientist was well known for his advances in the study of human anatomy.

A

Vesalius

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22
Q

This artist perfected the use of chiaroscuro and humanistic individualism in his portrait paintings.

A

Leonardo da Vinci

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23
Q

This war began when Parliament refused to grant tax increases to King Charles I and he arrested Parliament’s Puritan leaders.

A

English Civil War

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24
Q

This religion was criticized for its corrupt practices like simony, pluralism, nepotism, and clerical ignorance.

A

The Catholic Church

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25
Q

This city-state was the center of Renaissance culture in the 15th c.

A

Florence

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26
Q

This marble sculptor glorified the human body with the free-standing contrapposto statue David.

A

Michaelangelo

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27
Q

This scientist argued for empiricism and inductive reasoning in analyzing the physical world.

A

Francis Bacon

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28
Q

This empire maintained control of southeastern Europe by conscripting Christian children into the bureaucracy and army.

A

The Ottoman Empire

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29
Q

This event was the immediate cause of the Thirty Years’ War.

A

Defenestration of Prague

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30
Q

This ruler was the most successful in achieving long-term territorial expansion.

A

Catherine the Great

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31
Q

This emperor posed the biggest obstacle to the spread of Protestantism in the 16th c.

A

Charles V

32
Q

This country had the greatest degree of religious tolerance in the 17th c. Europe which led to its economic prosperity.

A

Dutch Republic

33
Q

This philosopher argued that governments have the responsibility to rule with the consent of the people.

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

34
Q

England’s surplus population, natural resources, transportation system, and food supply led to this economic development.

A

Industrialization

35
Q

This group supported increased male suffrage during the Industrial Revolution.

A

The Chartists

36
Q

This treaty ended the Seven Years’ War and left Spain and Britain as the dominant colonial powers in N. America.

A

Treaty of Paris

37
Q

These Protestant leaders maintained the sacraments of baptism and communion.

A

John Calvin and Martin Luther

38
Q

This bishop and theologian was the court preacher to Louis XIV and was a strong advocate for the divine right of kings and absolutism.

A

Jacques-Benigne Bossuet

39
Q

This was the least successful trade policy of Napoleon.

A

The Continental System

40
Q

This country was the first to introduce African slavery to the New World.

A

Portugal

41
Q

This ruler westernized Russia by changing its culture and improving its military.

A

Peter the Great

42
Q

This law was passed to reform English working conditions.

A

The Factory Act

43
Q

These wars caused continental Europe’s industrialization to lag behind Britain.

A

The Napoleonic Wars

44
Q

“New monarchs” succeeded in reducing the power of this social class.

A

The Nobility

45
Q

This 1713 treaty ending the War of Spanish Succession represented a triumph in the containment of Louis XIV’s expansion.

A

Treaty of Utrecht

46
Q

This ruler began Prussia’s journey in the mid-17th c. towards becoming a great power.

A

Frederick William the Great Elector

47
Q

This religion was dominant in the most scientifically innovative countries.

A

Protestantism

48
Q

This 1598 proclamation by Henry IV allowed toleration for the Huguenots in France but was replaced by the Edict of Fountainbleu.

A

Edict of Nantes

49
Q

This belief system was represented by a secular view of the universe.

A

Deism

50
Q

This philosopher had a big impact on the practices of Fredrick the Great.

A

Voltaire

51
Q

This parliamentary rule led to the collapse of the Polish kingdom in the 18th c.

A

Liberum veto

52
Q

This council reaffirmed traditional doctrine and reformed abuses within the Roman Catholic Church.

A

The Council of Trent

53
Q

This type of economy was strongly disliked by Adam Smith

A

Mercantilism

54
Q

In Eastern Europe, the nobles had much greater control over this group of people than they did in Western Europe.

A

Peasants

55
Q

These rulers were similar in their use of practical compromise to solve political problems.

A

Henry IV of France and Elizabeth I of England

56
Q

This country dominated European elite culture in the late 17th c.

A

France

57
Q

This act led to changes in English land and demographic shifts among the peasantry.

A

Enclosure Act

58
Q

This Protestant church created by Henry VIII taught that salvation could be achieved through “good works.”

A

Anglican Church

59
Q

This class of society experienced an increase in their political and economic influence during the Commercial Revolution.

A

The middle class

60
Q

Catherine the Great, Peter the Great, Joseph II, and Napoleon I all sought to rule as this type of ruler.

A

An “enlightened monarch”

61
Q

This English-American Enlightenment philosopher supported the American Revolution and French Revolutions as well as the interests of the bourgeoisie.

A

Thomas Paine

62
Q

This innovation of the agricultural revolution led to dramatic increases in food production.

A

Crop rotation

63
Q

This group of people experienced an increase in their economic prosperity but still had few legal privileges.

A

The bourgeoisie

64
Q

A long term consequence of the Industrial Revolution was this group’s decline in their financial contribution to the family income.

A

Women

65
Q

This country saw the largest number of its people migrate to the New World.

A

England

66
Q

This group of people maintained most of their gains from the French Revolution and Napoleonic eras.

A

The peasantry

67
Q

This country persistently tried to invade Austria between 1525 and 1700.

A

Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

68
Q

This German coalition facilitated increased trade among the German states.

A

Zollverein

69
Q

This woman was an important spokesperson for the increased rights of women during the French Revolution.

A

Olympe de Gouges

70
Q

This Eastern European country was the last to industrialize.

A

Russia

71
Q

Napoleon made this agreement with the pope in order to improve relations with the Roman Catholic Church.

A

The Concordat of 1801.

72
Q

Name at least two inventions that were essential to the development of the Industrial Revolution.

A

The steam engine, railroad, cotton gin, or puddling furnace.

73
Q

This outcome of the French Revolution was similar to that of the English Civil War.

A

The restoration of the ruling family.

74
Q

This legislative body was in place during the most radical phase of the French Revolution.

A

The National Convention

75
Q

This person was crowned in 1804 illustrating a shift toward increased absolutism in France.

A

Napoleon

76
Q

This philosophy supported laissez faire economic policies.

A

Classical liberalism

77
Q

This style of art is distinguished by its dramatic treatment of the subject, an oversized canvas, and intense use of light and shadow.

A

Baroque

AP Euro (4 decks)

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