Final Review for Semester One Flashcards
This write believed that “a wise ruler ought never to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interests.”
Machiavelli
This treaty was issued by Pope Alexander VI in 1494 in order to prevent military conflicts between Spain & Portugal over their New World claims.
Treaty of Tordesillas
This invention contributed to the success of the Renaissance culture and the Protestant Reformation.
The printing press
One of Peter the Great’s key accomplishments was the development of the region along this sea’s coastline.
Baltic Sea
This event led to the creation of constitutional, Anglican monarchs, parliamentary control over royal revenues and taxation & religious toleration for Puritans and Quakers.
The Glorious Revolution
This scientist demonstrated how the universe works through explainable natural forces in Principia.
Isaac Newton
This group of people experienced a decline in economic and political opportunities during the Italian Renaissance.
Upper class women
This country was dominated by foreign powers from 1450 to 1550.
Italy
This baroque palace was used by Louis XIV to control the nobility.
Versailles
This explorer was the first to find an all-water route to India by rounding the southern tip of Africa.
Vasco da Gama
This master of perspective built in Florence the then-largest dome in the world, known as Il Duomo.
Brunelleschi
The caravel, astrolabe, lateen sail, and improved map making were technological innovations used for this purpose.
Navigation and Exploration
Between 1689 and 1815, the central issue in European diplomacy was limiting the power of this country.
France
The Italian Renaissance focused more on written works from these countries than the Northern Renaissance.
Greece and Rome
This Dominican friar opposed the cruel acts committed against native peoples by Spanish Christians.
Bartolome de las Casas
The work of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and Edward Jenner’s research paved the way for control of this disease.
Smallpox
This man founded the Society of Jesus and supported repressive measures in order to combat heresy within Catholic countries.
Ignatius Loyola
This artistic style rejected Renaissance ideals by emphasizing dramatic action and emotion
Baroque
This treaty recognized Calvinism in Germany, ended the influence of the HRE, recognized the independence of the Dutch and Switzerland, and gave some territory to Prussia.
Treaty of Westphalia
This country had the most important trade and finance center during the early 1600s.
Dutch Republic
Thus 16th c. Catholic figure promoted emotionalism and having a personal relationship with God.
Teresa of Avila
This scientist was well known for his advances in the study of human anatomy.
Vesalius
This artist perfected the use of chiaroscuro and humanistic individualism in his portrait paintings.
Leonardo da Vinci
This war began when Parliament refused to grant tax increases to King Charles I and he arrested Parliament’s Puritan leaders.
English Civil War
This religion was criticized for its corrupt practices like simony, pluralism, nepotism, and clerical ignorance.
The Catholic Church
This city-state was the center of Renaissance culture in the 15th c.
Florence
This marble sculptor glorified the human body with the free-standing contrapposto statue David.
Michaelangelo
This scientist argued for empiricism and inductive reasoning in analyzing the physical world.
Francis Bacon
This empire maintained control of southeastern Europe by conscripting Christian children into the bureaucracy and army.
The Ottoman Empire
This event was the immediate cause of the Thirty Years’ War.
Defenestration of Prague
This ruler was the most successful in achieving long-term territorial expansion.
Catherine the Great
This emperor posed the biggest obstacle to the spread of Protestantism in the 16th c.
Charles V
This country had the greatest degree of religious tolerance in the 17th c. Europe which led to its economic prosperity.
Dutch Republic
This philosopher argued that governments have the responsibility to rule with the consent of the people.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
England’s surplus population, natural resources, transportation system, and food supply led to this economic development.
Industrialization
This group supported increased male suffrage during the Industrial Revolution.
The Chartists
This treaty ended the Seven Years’ War and left Spain and Britain as the dominant colonial powers in N. America.
Treaty of Paris
These Protestant leaders maintained the sacraments of baptism and communion.
John Calvin and Martin Luther
This bishop and theologian was the court preacher to Louis XIV and was a strong advocate for the divine right of kings and absolutism.
Jacques-Benigne Bossuet
This was the least successful trade policy of Napoleon.
The Continental System
This country was the first to introduce African slavery to the New World.
Portugal
This ruler westernized Russia by changing its culture and improving its military.
Peter the Great
This law was passed to reform English working conditions.
The Factory Act
These wars caused continental Europe’s industrialization to lag behind Britain.
The Napoleonic Wars
“New monarchs” succeeded in reducing the power of this social class.
The Nobility
This 1713 treaty ending the War of Spanish Succession represented a triumph in the containment of Louis XIV’s expansion.
Treaty of Utrecht
This ruler began Prussia’s journey in the mid-17th c. towards becoming a great power.
Frederick William the Great Elector
This religion was dominant in the most scientifically innovative countries.
Protestantism
This 1598 proclamation by Henry IV allowed toleration for the Huguenots in France but was replaced by the Edict of Fountainbleu.
Edict of Nantes
This belief system was represented by a secular view of the universe.
Deism
This philosopher had a big impact on the practices of Fredrick the Great.
Voltaire
This parliamentary rule led to the collapse of the Polish kingdom in the 18th c.
Liberum veto
This council reaffirmed traditional doctrine and reformed abuses within the Roman Catholic Church.
The Council of Trent
This type of economy was strongly disliked by Adam Smith
Mercantilism
In Eastern Europe, the nobles had much greater control over this group of people than they did in Western Europe.
Peasants
These rulers were similar in their use of practical compromise to solve political problems.
Henry IV of France and Elizabeth I of England
This country dominated European elite culture in the late 17th c.
France
This act led to changes in English land and demographic shifts among the peasantry.
Enclosure Act
This Protestant church created by Henry VIII taught that salvation could be achieved through “good works.”
Anglican Church
This class of society experienced an increase in their political and economic influence during the Commercial Revolution.
The middle class
Catherine the Great, Peter the Great, Joseph II, and Napoleon I all sought to rule as this type of ruler.
An “enlightened monarch”
This English-American Enlightenment philosopher supported the American Revolution and French Revolutions as well as the interests of the bourgeoisie.
Thomas Paine
This innovation of the agricultural revolution led to dramatic increases in food production.
Crop rotation
This group of people experienced an increase in their economic prosperity but still had few legal privileges.
The bourgeoisie
A long term consequence of the Industrial Revolution was this group’s decline in their financial contribution to the family income.
Women
This country saw the largest number of its people migrate to the New World.
England
This group of people maintained most of their gains from the French Revolution and Napoleonic eras.
The peasantry
This country persistently tried to invade Austria between 1525 and 1700.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire)
This German coalition facilitated increased trade among the German states.
Zollverein
This woman was an important spokesperson for the increased rights of women during the French Revolution.
Olympe de Gouges
This Eastern European country was the last to industrialize.
Russia
Napoleon made this agreement with the pope in order to improve relations with the Roman Catholic Church.
The Concordat of 1801.
Name at least two inventions that were essential to the development of the Industrial Revolution.
The steam engine, railroad, cotton gin, or puddling furnace.
This outcome of the French Revolution was similar to that of the English Civil War.
The restoration of the ruling family.
This legislative body was in place during the most radical phase of the French Revolution.
The National Convention
This person was crowned in 1804 illustrating a shift toward increased absolutism in France.
Napoleon
This philosophy supported laissez faire economic policies.
Classical liberalism
This style of art is distinguished by its dramatic treatment of the subject, an oversized canvas, and intense use of light and shadow.
Baroque
