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PHL 5 > Freedom and Moral Act > Flashcards

Freedom and Moral Act Flashcards

1
Q

ACTS THAT PROCEED FROM REASON AND FREE WILL

A

HUMAN ACTS

/PERSONAL ACTS

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2
Q

ACTIONS WHICH ARE PERFORMED WITHOUT THE INTERVENTION

OF THE INTELLECT AND THE FREE WILL

A

ACTS OF MAN

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3
Q

THEY COMPRISE ALL SPONTANEOUS,

BIOLOGICAL AND SENSUAL PROCESSES

A

ACTS OF MAN

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4
Q

INDELIBERATE, INVOLUNTARY, NOT FREE, NOT UNDER ONE’S CONTROL, AND BEYOND THE MIND AND WILL

A

ACTS OF MAN

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5
Q 
More Examples:
  falling in love
  crying
  beating of the heart
  digestion
  actions of a child who has not come to the use of reason
  actions while asleep
  all spontaneous reactions
  actions of (really) drunken person
A

ACTS OF MAN

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6
Q

CONSTITUENT PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN ACTS (Essential Conditions)

A

Knowledge
Freedom
Voluntariness

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7
Q

is the ability to act without restraint.

A

Freedom

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8
Q

In the context of internal control, it is also known as self-determination, individual sovereignty, or autonomy

A

Freedom

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9
Q

is a will-act,

wherein there must be both the knowledge and freedom in the agent.

A

Voluntariness

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10
Q

the consequent act whenever an act proceeds from the will

without deliberation

A

not free

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11
Q

the consequent act whenever there is deliberation in the understanding

A

free

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12
Q

DETERMINANTS/Sources OF MORALITY

A
  1. THE OBJECT / THE ACT ITSELF
  2. CIRCUMSTANCES
  3. THE END INTENDED BY THE AGENT / INTENTION
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13
Q

It is the primary source for the judgment of an action
The action or the deed itself
The matter of human act
The object chosen is a good toward which the will deliberately directs itself.

A

THE OBJECT / THE ACT ITSELF

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14
Q

THE CONDITIONS OUTSIDE THE ACT (not part of the act)

A

CIRCUMSTANCES

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15
Q

7 circumstances

A 
The Circumstance of Person
The Circumstance of Place
The Circumstance of Time
The Circumstance of Manner
The Condition of the Agent
The Circumstance of the Thing Itself
The Means
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16
Q
  • refers to the doer (agent) of the act and the receiver or person to whom the act is done.
A

Circumstance of PERSON

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17
Q
  • Refers to the particular space or locality where the act is done or performed
A

Circumstance of PLACE

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18
Q
  • Refers to the exact or definite moment or hour when the act is performed.
A

Circumstance of TIME

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19
Q

Refers to the WAY THE AGENT manage to do his act.

A

Circumstance of MANNER

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20
Q

“In what condition was the agent when he/she performed the act how did the agent do the act?”

“was the agent ignorant or influenced by fear, habits, emotions, etc.?”

A

Condition of the AGENT

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21
Q

Denotes the special quality of the object

A

Circumstance of the THING ITSELF

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22
Q

“By what means?” and “By whose help?”

A

Circumstance of The MEANS

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23
Q

It is the objective of the act

The reason or the intention for doing an act.

A

THE END INTENDED BY THE AGENT / INTENTION

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24
Q

THE REASON FOR WHICH THE AGENT UNDERTAKES THE ACT
The movement of the will toward the end

It is an essential element to the moral evaluation of an action

A

THE END INTENDED BY THE AGENT / INTENTION

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25
Q

An act which is good in itself and is done for a good end

A

doubly good

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26
Q

An act which is bad itself and is done with a bad end

A

doubly bad

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27
Q

An act which is good itself and is done with a bad intention

A

bad

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28
Q

An act which is bad itself and is done with a good end

A

bad

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29
Q

An indifferent act which is done for a good end

A

good

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30
Q

An indifferent act which is done for a bad

A

bad

31
Q

KINDS OF VOLUNTARY ACTS (7)

A
  1. PERFECTLY VOLUNTARY ACT
  2. IMPERFECTLY VOLUNTARY
  3. Conditional Voluntariness
  4. DIRECTLY VOLUNTARY
  5. INDIRECLTY VOLUNTARY
  6. POSITIVELY VOLUNTARY ACT
  7. NEGATIVELY VOLUNTARY ACT
32
Q

IS AN ACT WHICH IS PERFORMED WITH FULL ATTENTION

AND FULL CONSENT OF THE WILL.

A

PERFECTLY VOLUNTARY ACT

33
Q

IS AN ACT IF ATTENTION OR CONSENT OF THE WILL

OR BOTH TOGETHER ARE IMPERFECT

A

IMPERFECTLY VOLUNTARY

34
Q

It is present in a person who is forced by circumstances beyond his control to perform an act.

A

Conditional Voluntariness

35
Q

IF THE ACT IS INTENDED AS AN END IN ITSELF OR

IF IT IS INTENDED AS A MEANS FOR ANOTHER END

A

DIRECTLY VOLUNTARY

36
Q

IF AN ACT IS NOT INTENDED BUT MERELY PERMITTED

AS THE INEVITABLE RESULT OF AN OBJECT DIRECTLY WILLED.

A

INDIRECLTY VOLUNTARY

37
Q

THE WILL EFFECTS SOMETHING POSITIVELY

BY EXERCISING ACTIVE INFLUENCE ON THE CAUSATION OF AN OBJECT

A

POSITIVELY VOLUNTARY ACT

38
Q

THE WILL EFFECTS SOMETHING NEGATIVELY BY VOLUNTARY OMISSION

OF AN ACT WHICH COULD HAVE AVERTED AN EVIL TO ANOTHER PERSON OR HELPED HIM TO SECURE A GOOD

A

NEGATIVELY VOLUNTARY ACT

39
Q

Factors which may affect any of the constituents VOLUNTARY human acts
These factors may diminish one’s culpability
(guilt, fault, responsibility, blameworthiness)
These are obstacles affecting the voluntariness of human acts

A

MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS

40
Q

IMPAIRMENTS OF REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE: (1)

A

IGNORANCE

a. invincible
b. vincible

41
Q

IMPAIRMENTS TO FREE CONSENT: (4)

A

PASSION/ CONCUPISCENCE
FEAR AND SOCIAL PRESSURES
VIOLENCE
DISPOSITIONS AND HABITS

42
Q

merely the lack or absence of knowledge of a person capable of knowing a certain thing or things

A

IGNORANCE

43
Q

two types of ignorance

A

invincible

vincible

44
Q

AN IGNORANCE WHICH cannot be clear up (or dispelled), or KNOWLEDGE THAT IS LACKING AND CANNOT BE ACQUIRED.

A

INVINCIBLE IGNORANCE

45
Q

lacking in knowledge, and such lack of knowledge is NOT responsibility of the AGENT.

A

INVINCIBLE IGNORANCE

46
Q

Ignorance that which CAN AND SHOULD BE DISPELLED. This implies CULPABLE NEGLIGENCE

A

VINCIBLE IGNORANCE

47
Q

Kinds of VINCIBLE ignorance: (3)

A
  1. simple, 2. crass, 3. affected
48
Q

one uses some, but NOT enough diligence in an effort to remove ignorance.

A

SIMPLE vincible

49
Q

The ACTION is culpable, however, culpability is LESSENED by the presence of ignorance

A

SIMPLE vincible

50
Q

a kind of ignorance which,

though not directly willed, could and should be cleared up, but left wholly undisturbed.

A

CRASS or supine vincible

51
Q

The culpability is LESSEN yet makes one gravely culpable if it concerns a matter of GRAVE importance.

A

CRASS or supine vincible

52
Q

which is deliberately fostered in order to avoid any obligation that knowledge might bring to light.

A

AFFECTED vincible

53
Q

Not lack of knowledge and deliberate unwillingness to dispel her ignorance
In regard to MATTER of serious importance is GRAVELY culpable

A

AFFECTED vincible

54
Q

no responsibility or culpability

A

Invincible ignorance

55
Q

do not eliminate MORAL RESPONSIBILITY but LESSENS /GRAVER it

A

Vincible ignorance

56
Q

A MOVEMENT OF THE SENSITIVE (irrational) APPETITE WHICH IS produced BY THE GOOD OR EVIL APPREHENDED BY THE mind

A

PASSION OR CONCUPISCENCE

57
Q

MOVEMENT OF THE SENSITIVE APPETITE

THAT PRECEDES THE FREE DECISION OF THE WILL

A

PASSION OR CONCUPISCENCE

58
Q

TWO types OF PASSION/CONCUPISCENCE

A

ANTECEDENT

CONSEQUENT

59
Q

arises spontaneously before the previous judgment of reason& before the will controls the psychological situation.

A

ANTECEDENT

60
Q

which is DELIBERATELY aroused by the will to ensure a more prompt and willing operation.

A

CONSEQUENT

61
Q

A MENTAL AGITATION OF DISTURBANCE BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE APPREHENSION OF SOME PRESENT OR IMMANENT DANGER

A

FEAR

62
Q

TWO types OF FEAR:

A

Grave fear

Slight fear

63
Q

aroused by the presence of a danger regarded as SERIOUS.

A

Grave fear

64
Q

aroused by less or not serious which can be easily avoided.

A

Slight fear

65
Q

AN EXTERNAL FORCE APPLIED
TO COMPEL A PERSON TO DO SOMETHING CONTRARY TO HIS WILL

VIOLENCE IS CAUSED BY SOME PHYSICAL OR PSYCHIC AGENT

A

VIOLENCE

66
Q

TWO GENERAL types of violence:

A

Perfect violence

Imperfect violence

67
Q

one in which complete resistance is given.

A

perfect violence

68
Q

occurs when some resistance is shown but NOT as MUCH as should be.

A

Imperfect violence

69
Q

Inclination to perform some particular action acquired by repetition, and characterized by a decreased power of resistance and an increased facility of performance.

A

HABITS

70
Q

Sometimes called: “second nature”

A

HABITS

71
Q

if habits disposes to evil

A

VICE

72
Q

if habits disposes to good

A

VIRTUE

73
Q

TWO PRINCIPLES on imputability of EVIL action

A
  1. Evil habits do not lessen the imputability of evil actions if the habit has been recognized as evil and is freely permitted to continue.
  2. Evil habits lessen the imputability of evil actions if one is sincerely trying to correct the habit
74
Q

three SOURCES of defining MORALITY

A

ACT
circumstances
intention

PHL 5 (10 decks)

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