Frameworks - Lexis and Semantics

Question 1

Semantics

Answer 1

The study of meanings and how they are constructed and interpreted.

Question 2

Denotation

Answer 2

The literal meaning of a word.

Question 3

Connotation

Answer 3

An association or emotions that are raised from a word.

Question 4

Ambiguity

Answer 4

Can be interpreted in more than one way.

Question 5

Implication

Answer 5

The implied meaning behind a word.

Question 6

Hypernym

Answer 6

The label for a specific group.

Question 7

Hyponym

Answer 7

Specific words within a group.

Question 8

Semantic Shifts

Answer 8

The process by which a word changes meaning.

Question 9

Bleaching

Answer 9

When some words lose their original force and specificity.

Question 10

Leakage

Answer 10

Refers to the use of a word beyond its immediate meaning.

Question 11

Broadening/Generalistaions

Answer 11

When the meaning of a word gradually becomes less specific and extends to a wider sense then the original meaning.

Question 12

Narrowing

Answer 12

The meaning of a word gradually becomes more specific.

Question 13

Amelioration

Answer 13

A word with a severe/taboo meaning gradually becoming less negative and milder in its use.

Question 14

Perjoration

Answer 14

The process of a word with neutral or positive connotations gradually becoming negative.

Question 15

Archaic Lexis

Answer 15

Old fashioned words.

Question 16

Obsolete Lexis

Answer 16

Words which are no longer used.

Question 17

Register

Answer 17

A term used to describe whether a text carries a formal or informal tone.

Question 18

Collocation

Answer 18

When two existing words are habitually put together to form new expressions.

Question 19

Euphemism

Answer 19

When vague or mild language is used to soften the the impact where a stronger alternative would have offended the receiver.

Question 20

Dysphemism

Answer 20

Words used to shock or cause offense to the receiver. The opposite to a euphemism.

Question 21

Initialism

Answer 21

A let of letters pronounced individually that stand for a group, idea or institution (BBC, NYD).

Question 22

Eponym

Answer 22

When the noun is given the name of the inventor.

Question 23

Affixation

Answer 23

When affixes are added to an existing word.

Question 24

Compounding

Answer 24

When two words are stuck together to make an entirely new word (thunder-storm).

Question 25

Blending

Answer 25

When two words are moulded together to form a new word, usually with the start of one word with the end of another.

Question 26

Shortening

Answer 26

When a section of the word has been removed from the end.

Question 27

Conversion

Answer 27

When a word changes the word class it belongs to, to give it a new meaning (Google, ‘Google it’).

Question 28

Acronym

Answer 28

Formed by pronouncing a set of initial letters as a word (NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organisation).

Question 29

Proper Names

Answer 29

When the name of a brand becomes synonymous with the product itself (Hoover).

Question 30

Types of Adverbial Clauses

Answer 30

-Time
-Place
-Purpose
-Manner
-Condition
-Comparison

Question 31

Adverbial Clauses

Answer 31

-A clause containing a subject and verb that acts as an adverb to modify the main clause of a sentence.
-Adverbial phrases and adverbial clauses can be positioned at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence, depending on where you want to place emphasis.