Fractures, Osteonecrosis, Osteomyelitis Flashcards
The bone fractures after repeated extra stress, i.e., there were some tiny microfractures (as in osteoporosis)
stress fracture
The bone is cracked, but not broken into two pieces
incomplete fracture
What is a greenstick fracture?
incomplete fracture in kids that results from impact to thier “supple” long bones
closed fracture
overlying tissue is in fact
The bacteria have a route from the surface to the bone; perhaps the bone is even sticking out the wound.
compound, open fracture
The bone is broken into several pieces.
multifragmented (comminuted) fracture
A curious term for a fracture in which the ends of the bone fragments have done serious damage to the surrounding tissue.
complex fracture
Due to intrinsic disease of the bone; the force would not have broken a normal bone. Seen in osteoporosis, cancer, osteogenesis imperfecta.
pathologic fracture
Describe the process of callus formation after a bone fracture
- bleeding and formation of clot
- devascualrization of edges of fractured/dead bone
- recruitment and ingrowth of neovascualization
- fibroblasts organize clot
- removal of dead cortex
- ingrowth of osteocytes
- new/woven bone formation
- cartilage produced at surface of callus
- continued remodeling (over months)
- complete bone healing (loss of cartilage cap)
T or F: the fractured ends of bone must be perfectly aligned to begin the process of healing/callus formation
F: but they must be in close proximity
What happens if the fractured ends of a bone are not in close enough proximity for healiing?
the callus cannot form an there is a “fibrous nonunion” of the ends
= fibrous replacement of tissue between the ends
**pathologic
Microscopically, during bone healing, fractured bony spicules are being joined together by…
new osteiod
Why are metal pins surgically inserted after some fractures?
to produce the conditions necessary for appropriate callus formation and bone healing.
= align the ends
Where on the bone does osteonecrosis most likely occur?
convex surface of joints
*usually spares the synovium/joint space
What is the feared result of osteonecrosis
detachment of the articular cartilage
osteonecrosis can be a complication of what 3 conditions?
- femoral neck fracture or disslocation
- sickle cell
- decompression sickness
Osteonecrosis has a mysterious link to..
alcohol abuse and glucocorticoid use
How can sickle cell disease lead to osteonecrosis?
sickled RBCs occlude vessel
hypercellularity of the marrow can interfere with normal blood flow in the marrow
soft tissue swelling with periosteal new-bone formation and a moth-eaten lytic process
hand foot syndrome
*seen in sickle cell dz
XR manifestation of bone with chronic infarcts and secondary osteoarthritis (seen in sickle cell)
irregular sclerosis and lucency (infarcts)
bone-in-bone appearance (infarcts)
narrowed cartilage and irregular joint surfaces (OA)
Bone within bone appearance on XR can indicate
- **sclerosis, resulting from multiple infarctions
* think sickle cell dz
osteomyelitis is caused by ___ organisms that spread
pyogenic
*most commonly staphylcoccus (80-90%)
that spread hematogenously, contiguously, or in pts with vascualr insufficiency
*hematogenous is most common in kids
What are risk factors for developing osteomyelitis
DM periph vascualr dxz sickle cell congenital phagocyte function defect presence of foreign materials ortho surgery adjacent infections
TB osteomyelitis
Name of dz?
what bones are affected?
Pott Dz
vertebrae (causes collapse –> kypohosis)
