Fractures + Osteomyelitis Flashcards
1
Q
The 3 causes of fractures
A
- Traumatic
- Fatigue
- subjected to repeated stress - Pathologic
- weakened bone
2
Q
Orientation of Fracture
A
Transverse Spiral Longitudinal Oblique Comminuted Impacted Greenstick Stress
3
Q
Clinical Manifestations of Fractures (PED)
A
Pain
Edema
Deformity
4
Q
3 types of Delayed-healing in fractures
A
- Delayed Union
- Bone pain and tenderness increase
- RF: Smoking, Malnutrition - Malunion
- Improper alignment (weight bearing too soon) - Nonunion
- No healing after 4-6 months post-fracture
- Causes: Poor blood supply, repetitive stress
5
Q
Compartment Syndrome: Common Causes
A
- Crush injuries
- Casts
- Long bone injuries
- Animal bites
- Severe thermal burns
6
Q
Complication of Fracture that effects the lungs
A
Fat Embolism!
-Fat from marrow in LONG BONES travels through blood stream and into lungs
7
Q
Triad of Fat Embolism Symptoms
A
- Hypoxemia
- Altered LOC
- Petechiae
8
Q
What bacteria usually causes Osteomyelitis?
A
Staph aureus
9
Q
Osteomyelitis: RF
A
- Recent trauma
- DM
- Hemodialysis
- IV Drug use
- Splenectomy
- PVD
10
Q
Osteomyelitis Direct vs Indirect
A
Direct: Open wound
Indirect: Bacteremia
11
Q
Osteomyelitis Direct
A
- Open fracture
- Gun shot
- Puncture
- Surgery esp. metal plates or screws
12
Q
Osteomyelitis Indirect:
Hematogenous Route
A
- Arterial blood flow brings bacteria into bone
- Infection Results in:
- Inflammation
- Bone Destruction
- Pus and Edema - Pressure Injuries
- Ischemia/Necrosis
- Osteoblasts lay new bone around old bone
- Infection is Isolated
- More common in children
13
Q
Indirect: Hematogenous Location
A
Long Bones
14
Q
The biggest problem with Osteomyelitis
A
Pressure within bone (marrow) increases to that of Arterial Pressure.
- Cuts of blood flow!
- No O2, nutrition, immune cells, or antibiotics
IMPAIRED HEALING
15
Q
Osteomyelitis: Local symptoms
A
- Local tenderness, warmth, redness
- Wound drainage
- Restricted movement
- Spontaneous Fractures
