Chemo Info Flashcards
1
Q
Cell Cycles Steps
A
G0: Resting G1: Growth S: DNA synthesis G2: Prepare to divide M: Mitosis (division)
2
Q
Why is a large tumor harder to treat?
A
As tumor increases in size: Rate of proliferation decreases.
ie. Low growth fraction
- Large tumors have a necrotic core
- Decreased nutrient supply at core
- More cells in resting phase (G0)
3
Q
Barriers to success in treatment
A
100% kill required Toxicity Late detection Tumor resistance Drug resistance Cell heterogeneity
4
Q
Usual Toxicities of Chemo
A
- N/V (several days following
- Dec: WBC, RBC, Platelets
- Diarrhea
- Alopecia
- Fatigue
5
Q
Additional Chemo Toxicities
A
- Bone marrow Cells
- GI cells
- Reproductive
- Hyperuricemia
- Extravasation
- Carcinogenesis
- Organ damage
6
Q
3 major complications of toxicity on Bone Marrow
A
- Neutropenia: infection
- Erythrocytopenia: anemia
- Thrombocytopenia: bleeding
7
Q
Differences between normal and cancer cell
A
- Large # of dividing cells
- Large, variably shaped nuclei
- Large nucleus to cytoplasm ratio
- Variation in size and shape
- Loss of normal cell features
- Disorganized arrangement
- Poorly defined tumor boundary
8
Q
The 3 Properties of Cell proliferation
A
- Intracellular Control of proliferation
-Only occurs when there is a need for new cells - Contact inhibition
-Normal cells do not invade foreign tissues - Rate of cell
proliferation
-Differs with each cell type
9
Q
3 Main groups of cells
A
- Undifferentiated Stem Cells
- Can be triggered to enter cell cycle and produce parent
(progenitor) cells - Parent (“progenitor” cells)
- Continue dividing and reproducing
- Examples: blood cells, skin cells, liver cells - Well-differentiated Cells
-Do not normally divide and reproduce
-Examples: neurons and cells of skeletal & cardiac
muscle
10
Q
Other BRCA Cancers
A
PPCOB
Prostate Pancreatic Colon Ovarian Breast
11
Q
Growth Fraction
A
Cell Proliferating / In rest
12
Q
Consequences of Late Detection
A
- Mets
- Poor/less Response
- Patient more debilitated by disease
13
Q
What type of tumors respond poorly to chemo?
A
Solid Tumors
- Low growth fraction
- Limited blood supply
14
Q
As tumor ages, what increases?
A
Heterogeneity
15
Q
Chemo Success: Intermittent Chemo
A
Lets normal cells recover but not too long
-Allow tumor cells to take more damage over a period of time between treatments
