Fractures Flashcards
Elbow dislocation: presentation:
flexion conrtacture
swelling/deformity may have absent radial pulses (due to coming from brachial artery)
Elbow dislocation: before reduction what is important
to assess brachial artery, median and ulnar nerve
nightstick fracture + mechanism
isolated ulnar fracture usually protective (holding hands in front of face)
what does osteomyelitis look like on xray?
looks like sequestrum - dead bone surrounded by radiolucent
retrochiasmal (optic tract lesions will cause)
left
right
left optic tract will cause: homonomymous (half) hemianopia RIGHT SIDE
right optic tract = left side
chiasm pituitary adenoma will cause
bilateral hemianopia
optic nerve:
decreased vision in SAME EYE
5th metatarsal fracture causses
avulsion injury
jones
stress
peroneus brevis and tertius attach here
salter harris which ones conservative and which ones are ORIF?
salter harris 1 and 2 = conservative
3-6 = ORIF
salter one
straight across epiphysis
salter two
above the epiphypsysi
salter three
extends from above to BELOW growth plate
salter four
two or rhtough the growth plate
salter 5
ERasing of growth plate = crush injury
3 xrays for shoulder dislocaitons + which (ant or post requires CT maybe?
scapular y posterior and anterior
opsterior CT
two lesions associated with shoulder dislocations and what they are
hill sachs lesion = posterior divot in humeral head
bony bankart lesions = avulsion of the anterior glenoid labrum
NOF treatment :
what is intracapsular and extracapular?
intratcapusular is subcapital and transcervical
extracapsular = is intrtrochanteric and bwloe
intrapcaularsar treatment
non displaced = DHS
displaced (hemi vs arthoplasty)
extracapsular treatment:
stable vs unstable
stable: dynamic hip screw
unstable IM nailiting
laryngomalacia what is this?
soft immature cartilage of laryngeal area that collapses on inspiration causing stridor
what is treatment:
what % need surgical intervention?
treat conservatively, majority will resolve spontaneously at 12 months
15% will need surgical intervention
if it is CVA (stroke) what occurs
UMN lesion = will spare the forehead as bilaterally innervated
what is prebycusis? which type hearing loss is this?
is it symmetrical?
Sensorineural hearing loss:
loss of hearing at higher frequencies at old age - will show down sploing at the graph
yes symmetrical bilateral
vocal cord palsy following tonsillectomy
which nerve?
not in the right place to damage this structure)
recurrent laryngeal nerve
where does recurrent laryngeal nerve arise from
vagus at arch of aorta
otosclerosis what is it
overgrowth of bone of the inner ear stpaes
what is most common SNHL in adults?
preabycusis
otosclerosis : what type of HL and why does this occur?
acquired/genetic?
conductive hearling loss due to overgrowth of stapes and inability to stamp on oval window as bone laid dwon
genetic
