fracture types and classification Flashcards
what 4 types of bone displacement are there
angulation
translation
rotation
distraction/impaction
the body is assumed to be in anatomical position and injury is described in terms of distal component displacement in relation to proximal component
define fracture (fracture and break is same)
partial or complete break in a bone
OR
crack, break or rupture in bone
what 7 things do you have to consider when naming a bone fracture
open vs closed
location
degree (complete vs incomplete)
articular extraction or involvement
comminution and pattern
intrinsic bone quality
displacement, angulation, rotation and translation
mnemonic : OLD ACID
what is the difference between open vs closed fracture
open = fracture where bone penetrates thru skin
closed = fracture with intact overlying skin
what do u have to consider when describing the location of fracture
- which bone
- proximal, middle, distal third etc
- anatomic orientation e.g medial, lateral, anterior
- anatomic landmarks e.g head, neck, body
- segment e.g epiphysis, diaphysis
what is a complete or incomplete fracture
complete = fragments completely seperated
incomplete = not fractures all the way
what does it mean by articular extension/involvement
involves articular surface (joints)
e.g dislocation or fracture-dislocation
what is meant by comminution/patter
type of fracture e.g converse, fissure, oblique, comminuted
what is a buckle/torus fracture
causes one side of bone to bend but doesnt break through
what is osteopenia, osteopetrosis, osteopoikilosis
osteopenia = decreased bone density
osteopetrosis = increased bone density
osteopoikilosis = focal areas of increased density
what is displacement
fracture fragments are not axially aligned
what is angulation
fracture fragments are not anatomically aligned
what is rotation
fracture fragments are rotated relative to each other
what are the 5 types of salter Harris fractures
- straight across
- above
- lower/below
- two/through
- erasure of growth plate/crush
SALTER memonic
