fracture test

Question 1

what is a fracture

Answer 1

break in the bone

Question 2

what are the 5 symptoms of bone fractures

Answer 2

1. pain
2. bruising
3. swelling
4. deformity
5. loss of function

Question 3

closed or simple

Answer 3

bone is broken but the ends do not penetrate the skin

Question 4

open or compound

Answer 4

the broken ends of the bone protrude through the skin

Question 5

2 types of of open or compound fracture

Answer 5

1. open from without in
2. open from within out

Question 6

open from without in

Answer 6

the skin was first broken by trauma from the outside of body directed inward towards the bone (most severe)

Question 7

open from within out

Answer 7

the bone goes through the skin from the inside

Question 8

incomplete

Answer 8

incomplete break across the bone but does not break all the way through

Question 9

complete

Answer 9

complete break across the bone and the bone is broken into two or more pieces

Question 10

displaced

Answer 10

out of place

Question 11

non displaced

Answer 11

not out of place

Question 12

spiral fracture

Answer 12

bone breaks from a twisting force (common sport fracture)

Question 13

compression fracture

Answer 13

fracture in which the bone is crushed (vertebral column)

Question 14

depressed fracture

Answer 14

indentation of the bone common skull fracture

Question 15

commuted fracture

Answer 15

bone in which the separated parts are splintered or fragmented into at least 3 segments (often seen in elderly)

Question 16

green stick fracture

Answer 16

the bone splinters but the break is incomplete and one side of the bone is broken and the other side is bent (common break for children)

Question 17

transverse fracture

Answer 17

the break is across the bone at a right angle to the long axis of the bone

Question 18

oblique fracture

Answer 18

bone breaks diagonally and it tends to occur in longer bones such as tibia and femur

Question 19

avulsion fracture

Answer 19

injury to the bone in a location where a tendon or ligament attached to bone and tendon or ligament pulls off a piece of the bone

Question 20

stress fracture

Answer 20

overuse injuries; muscles become fatigued and are unable to absorb added shock and eventually the fatigued muscles transfer the overload of stress to bone causing a tiny crack

Question 21

buckle fracture

Answer 21

compression fracture on one side of the bone that causes the bone to bend or buckle towards the damaged side (occurs most often in soft bones of children)

Question 22

complicated fracture

Answer 22

broken bone that has also damaged structures or organs (broken rib perturbing a lung)

Question 23

1st step of fracture repair

Answer 23

phagocytes begin to remove dead bone

Question 24

2nd step of fracture repair

Answer 24

chondroblasts form fibro cartilage at the fracture site that bridges the broken ends of the bone

Question 25

3rd step of fracture repair

Answer 25

fibrocartilage is converted to spongey bone by osteoblasts

Question 26

4th step of fracture repair

Answer 26

bone remolding occurs in which dead portions of bone are absorbed by osteoclats and spongy bone is converted to compact bone

Question 27

all though bone has a generous blood supply healing sometimes takes months due to what 3 things

Answer 27

1. calcium + phosphors needed to strengthen and harden bone are deposited gradually
2. bone cells generally grow and reproduce slowly
3. temporary disruption in the blood supply slows healing in severely fractures bones