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connective tissue test Flashcards

1
Q

how many characteristics of CT are there

A

7

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2
Q

Characteristics of CT

A
  1. most widely distributive tissue in the body
  2. CT is not very cellular and contains more extra cellular matrix then others
  3. CT consists of cells, fibers, and extracellular matrix
  4. supplied with nerves except cartilage
  5. they are found in underlying structures
  6. vascular except cartilage is avascular and tendons have low blood supply
  7. classified according to three things
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3
Q

How is CT classified

A
  1. cell type/ arrangement
  2. types of fibers
  3. type of extracellular matrix
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4
Q

Functions of CT

A

-binds together other tissues
-supports other tissues
-strengthens other tissues
-protects and insulates internal organs
-compartmentalized structures such as skeletal muscles
-major transport system
-the main site of immune responses
-major site of stored energy
-provides framework for movement of muscles

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5
Q

Characteristics of extracellular matrix

A

-nonliving mixture
-its material between its widely spaced cells
-consists of fluid gel or solid ground substance and protein fibers

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6
Q

what does solid ground substance look like

A

clear viscis fluid

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7
Q

functions of solid ground substance

A

-supports cells
-binds them together
-provides a medium through which substances are exchanged between blood and cells
-plays an active role in how tissues develop, migrate, proliferate, change shape, and carry out metabolic functions
-contains water and large assortment of organic molecule

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8
Q

what things make up ground substance

A

water, organic molecules like carbon, polysaccharides and proteins

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9
Q

Hylaronic acid functions

A

-bonds cells together
-lubricates joints
-maintains the shape of the eyeball
-helps phagocytes migrate through connective tissue during infection and wound repair

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10
Q

examples of polysaccharied

A

hylaronic acid and carbon hydrates

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11
Q

Type of cells in connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts
Leukocytes
adipocytes
melanocytes
plasma cells
mast cells

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12
Q

Fibroblasts

A

most numerous
-produce fibers found in the connective tissue by secreting ground substance and fibers

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13
Q

Leukocytes

A

engolf bacteria and cellular bedri

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14
Q

Adipocytes

A

store lipids

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15
Q

Melanocytes

A

synthesize and store brown pigment called melanin

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16
Q

plasma cells

A

produce anitbodies

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17
Q

mastcells

A

produce histamein

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18
Q

Antibodies

A

proteins that attack or neutralize foreign substances in the body

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19
Q

Histamein

A

chemical that dilates small blood vessels as a part as the inflammatory response

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20
Q

General Characteristics of Fibers

A

-are located in extracellular matrix that strengthen and support connective tissue

-the number and type of fiber present contribute to the true strength, elasticity, and structure of the extracellular matrix

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21
Q

How much collagen protein is found in the body

A

25%

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22
Q

what are the 3 fibers

A
  1. collagen fibers
  2. elastic fibers
  3. reticular fibers
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23
Q

what does a collagen fiber look like

A

long
straight
un-branched
occur in bundles

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24
Q

what is collagen fiber composed of

A

protein called collagen which is strong

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25
where is collagen found
bone cartilage tendons ligaments
26
tendons
connect muscle to bone
27
ligaments
connect bone to bone
28
sprain
ligaments are over stretched or torn
29
strain
refers to muscle or tendon that is over stretched or torn
30
what do elastic fibers look like
branched wavy when not stretched ability to stretch and then return to original length
31
what is elastic fibers composed of
protein called elastin surrounded by glico protein named fibrillin which is essential for the stability of elastic fibers
32
where is elastic fibers found
skin blood vessels sacs of lungs fat cells
33
what does reticular fibers look like
thinnest of all 3 consists of collagen codien of glycoprotein thinner than collegan fiber tend to form branched networks
34
what Is reticular fiber function
provide a strong supporting net that helps to stabilize the organs blood vessels nerves and other structures
35
where is reticular fiber found
around fat cells, nerve fibers, skeletal and smooth muscle cells
36
2 types of connective tissue
loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue
37
loose connective tissue
fibers in extracelluar matrix are loosely arranged
38
characteristics of areolar CT
most abundant most widely distributed CT contains all 3 types of fibers & and types of cells forms subcutaneous layer (attaches skin to tissues and organs)
39
where is areolar found
around all most every body structure along with adapose tissue
40
function of areolar
binds with underlying tissues and allows nutrients to diffuse to epithelial cells
41
charcteristics of adipose CT
1. serves as padding 2. shock asorber 3. insulator 4. energy preserve 5. does store lipids
42
where is adipose CT found
subcutaneous layer, around organs and in yellow bone marrow
43
example of adipose CT
when you increase adipose tissue with weight gain new blood vessels are formed and more blood vessels you have the harder your heart has to work
44
reticular CT
made up primarily of reticular fibers and reticulocytes
45
reticulocytes
fibroblasts but they synthesis reticular fibers then collagen fibers
46
function of reticular CT
provides framework to support cells within forms basement membrane filters and removes worn out blood cells in the splean
47
where is reticualr CT found
liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, splean
48
Dense connective tissue
extracellular matrix is packed with fibers and contains very little ground substance and fibroblasts
49
Dense regular CT
composed of bundles of collagen which are arranged in orderly parallel rows
50
what does dense regular CT contain
very few cells but fibroblasts are present in rows between the bundles
51
function of dense regular CT
secures bone during movement
52
where is dense regular CT found
ligaments and tendons
53
Dense irregular CT
collagen fibers are not arranged in any particular pattern and contain few fibroblasts
54
Function of dense irregular CT
adds strength where parts of the body are being pulled in different directions
55
where is dense irregular CT found
dermis and joints
56
Elastic CT
contains large amount of elastic fibers and fibroblastsf
57
Function of elastic CT
allows it to stretch and return to normal size and shape
58
where is elastic CT found
lungs large artery's trachea bronchial tubes
59
3 characteristics of cartilage CT
1. specialized form of connective tissue 2. only cells are erythrocytes 3. avascualr and contains no nerves
60
Where does cartilage ct receive nutrients
adjacent vascular tissues
61
Where are collagen and elastic fibers embedded in
chondrotin sulfate
62
chondrotin sulfate
polysacahrite found in ground substance
63
what are the 3 types of cartilage
hyaline fibrocartilage elastic cartilage
64
Hyaline cartilage
most abundant, weakest of the 3 types, contains chondrocytes, have fine collagen fibers in matrix but you cant see them because they resist staining
65
function of hyaline cartilage
affords flexablity and support absorbs shock reduces friction between the joints surrounded by perichardium
66
perichardium
membrane of dense irregular CT that surrounds the cartilage
67
Fibrocartilage
has fewer chondrocytes bundles of collagen fibers strongest of all 3 does lack perichondrium
68
function of fibrocartliage
absorbs shock and prevents bone to bone contact
69
where is fibrocartliage found
pubic bones, pubis symphysis, discs between the vertebrae, knees
70
Elastic cartilage
chondrocytes are present in a thread like network of elastic fibers has a perchondrium great deal of flexablity
71
Function elastic cartilage
1. provides strength and elasticity 2. maintaqins shape of the ear
72
where is elastic cartilage found
epiglottis of the lyarnix , ear
73
what other 2 tissues did we not study
blood tissue and bone connective

Anatomy (9 decks)

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