connective tissue test Flashcards
how many characteristics of CT are there
7
Characteristics of CT
- most widely distributive tissue in the body
- CT is not very cellular and contains more extra cellular matrix then others
- CT consists of cells, fibers, and extracellular matrix
- supplied with nerves except cartilage
- they are found in underlying structures
- vascular except cartilage is avascular and tendons have low blood supply
- classified according to three things
How is CT classified
- cell type/ arrangement
- types of fibers
- type of extracellular matrix
Functions of CT
-binds together other tissues
-supports other tissues
-strengthens other tissues
-protects and insulates internal organs
-compartmentalized structures such as skeletal muscles
-major transport system
-the main site of immune responses
-major site of stored energy
-provides framework for movement of muscles
Characteristics of extracellular matrix
-nonliving mixture
-its material between its widely spaced cells
-consists of fluid gel or solid ground substance and protein fibers
what does solid ground substance look like
clear viscis fluid
functions of solid ground substance
-supports cells
-binds them together
-provides a medium through which substances are exchanged between blood and cells
-plays an active role in how tissues develop, migrate, proliferate, change shape, and carry out metabolic functions
-contains water and large assortment of organic molecule
what things make up ground substance
water, organic molecules like carbon, polysaccharides and proteins
Hylaronic acid functions
-bonds cells together
-lubricates joints
-maintains the shape of the eyeball
-helps phagocytes migrate through connective tissue during infection and wound repair
examples of polysaccharied
hylaronic acid and carbon hydrates
Type of cells in connective tissue
Fibroblasts
Leukocytes
adipocytes
melanocytes
plasma cells
mast cells
Fibroblasts
most numerous
-produce fibers found in the connective tissue by secreting ground substance and fibers
Leukocytes
engolf bacteria and cellular bedri
Adipocytes
store lipids
Melanocytes
synthesize and store brown pigment called melanin
plasma cells
produce anitbodies
mastcells
produce histamein
Antibodies
proteins that attack or neutralize foreign substances in the body
Histamein
chemical that dilates small blood vessels as a part as the inflammatory response
General Characteristics of Fibers
-are located in extracellular matrix that strengthen and support connective tissue
-the number and type of fiber present contribute to the true strength, elasticity, and structure of the extracellular matrix
How much collagen protein is found in the body
25%
what are the 3 fibers
- collagen fibers
- elastic fibers
- reticular fibers
what does a collagen fiber look like
long
straight
un-branched
occur in bundles
what is collagen fiber composed of
protein called collagen which is strong
where is collagen found
bone
cartilage
tendons
ligaments
tendons
connect muscle to bone
ligaments
connect bone to bone
sprain
ligaments are over stretched or torn
strain
refers to muscle or tendon that is over stretched or torn
what do elastic fibers look like
branched
wavy when not stretched
ability to stretch and then return to original length
what is elastic fibers composed of
protein called elastin surrounded by glico protein named fibrillin which is essential for the stability of elastic fibers
where is elastic fibers found
skin
blood vessels
sacs of lungs
fat cells
what does reticular fibers look like
thinnest of all 3
consists of collagen codien of glycoprotein
thinner than collegan fiber
tend to form branched networks
what Is reticular fiber function
provide a strong supporting net that helps to stabilize the organs blood vessels nerves and other structures
where is reticular fiber found
around fat cells, nerve fibers, skeletal and smooth muscle cells
2 types of connective tissue
loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue
loose connective tissue
fibers in extracelluar matrix are loosely arranged
characteristics of areolar CT
most abundant
most widely distributed CT
contains all 3 types of fibers & and types of cells
forms subcutaneous layer (attaches skin to tissues and organs)
where is areolar found
around all most every body structure along with adapose tissue
function of areolar
binds with underlying tissues and allows nutrients to diffuse to epithelial cells
charcteristics of adipose CT
- serves as padding
- shock asorber
- insulator
- energy preserve
- does store lipids
where is adipose CT found
subcutaneous layer, around organs and in yellow bone marrow
example of adipose CT
when you increase adipose tissue with weight gain new blood vessels are formed and more blood vessels you have the harder your heart has to work
reticular CT
made up primarily of reticular fibers and reticulocytes
reticulocytes
fibroblasts but they synthesis reticular fibers then collagen fibers
function of reticular CT
provides framework to support cells within
forms basement membrane
filters and removes worn out blood cells in the splean
where is reticualr CT found
liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, splean
Dense connective tissue
extracellular matrix is packed with fibers and contains very little ground substance and fibroblasts
Dense regular CT
composed of bundles of collagen which are arranged in orderly parallel rows
what does dense regular CT contain
very few cells but fibroblasts are present in rows between the bundles
function of dense regular CT
secures bone during movement
where is dense regular CT found
ligaments and tendons
Dense irregular CT
collagen fibers are not arranged in any particular pattern and contain few fibroblasts
Function of dense irregular CT
adds strength where parts of the body are being pulled in different directions
where is dense irregular CT found
dermis and joints
Elastic CT
contains large amount of elastic fibers and fibroblastsf
Function of elastic CT
allows it to stretch and return to normal size and shape
where is elastic CT found
lungs
large artery’s
trachea
bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of cartilage CT
- specialized form of connective tissue
- only cells are erythrocytes
- avascualr and contains no nerves
Where does cartilage ct receive nutrients
adjacent vascular tissues
Where are collagen and elastic fibers embedded in
chondrotin sulfate
chondrotin sulfate
polysacahrite found in ground substance
what are the 3 types of cartilage
hyaline
fibrocartilage
elastic cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
most abundant, weakest of the 3 types, contains chondrocytes, have fine collagen fibers in matrix but you cant see them because they resist staining
function of hyaline cartilage
affords flexablity and support
absorbs shock
reduces friction between the joints
surrounded by perichardium
perichardium
membrane of dense irregular CT that surrounds the cartilage
Fibrocartilage
has fewer chondrocytes
bundles of collagen fibers
strongest of all 3
does lack perichondrium
function of fibrocartliage
absorbs shock and prevents bone to bone contact
where is fibrocartliage found
pubic bones, pubis symphysis, discs between the vertebrae, knees
Elastic cartilage
chondrocytes are present in a thread like network of elastic fibers
has a perchondrium
great deal of flexablity
Function elastic cartilage
- provides strength and elasticity
- maintaqins shape of the ear
where is elastic cartilage found
epiglottis of the lyarnix , ear
what other 2 tissues did we not study
blood tissue and bone connective
