appendicular skeleton Flashcards
how many bones are in the appendicular skeleton
126
what is the pectoral girdle called
shoulder girdle
how many pectoral girdles are there
4
pectoral girdle does not do what…
articulate with the vertebral column
fiction of pectoral girdle
supports upper limbs and where muscle attach that enable the upper limbs to move
what is your clavicle
collar bone
what does the clavicle join with
sternum in the front and scapula in the back
what bone is most frequently broken
clavicle
function of clavicle
transmits mechanical force from the upper limbs to the trunk
how many scapulas are there
2
spine
diagonal ridge on scapula
acromion process
spine and clavicle join
glenoid cavity (fossa)
socket in which the head of humorous fits; makes your shoulder joint
coracoid process
projection on the scapula where muscles attach from the upper limps and chest
how many bones on each side for upper limbs
30
how many humerouses are there
2
what is the largest and longest bone in the upper body
humorous
what does the humerous join with
the scapula and ulna and radius
Anatomical neck
groove that’s distal to the head that was the former site of the epiphyseal plate
deltoid tuberosity
rough v shaped area where the deltoid muscles attach
capitulum
distal end; rounded knob that joins with the head of the radius
radial fossa
depression that flexes the head of the radius when the fore arm is bent
trochlea
joins with the ulna on the medial side
coronid fossa
depression that flexes the ulna when arm is bent
olecranon fossa of humorous
depression in the back of the humorous that receives the olecranon process of the ulna when forearm is extended
how many ulnas are there
2
where is it in anatomical position
medial side
olecranon process of ulna
proximal part of ulna that form a prominence
coronoid process of ulna
curved lip like projection on the proximal end of the ulna
trochlear notch of ulna
deep curved area between the olecranon process and coronoid process; trochlea of the humorous fits into this
radial notch of ulna
depression for the head of the radius
styloid process of ulna
slender pointed projection on the distal end of the ulna
how many radius bones are there
2
where is it located
lateral side
radial tuberosity of radius
raised roughen area that provides point of attachment for the biceps brachi muscle
styloid process of radius
slender pointed projection on the distal end of radius
what does the distal end of radius join with
3 carpal bones of the wrist
what is carpals another name for
wrist
8 bones held together by what
ligaments
what is their position
top row (closest to radius and ulna) lateral to medial
top row
- scaphoid
- lunate
- triquetrum
- pisaform
Scaphoid
70% of carpal fractures only the scaphoid is broken because of the force transmitted through it to the radius
bottom row
- trapezium
- trapizoid
- capitate
- hamate
capitate
largest carpal bone and head of this bone joins with the lunate above it
metacarpals
1-5 and 1 is closest to the thumb
what does each metacarpal have
a base, body, and head (base is closest to the wrists) (head forms your knuckles)
Phalanges (fingers)
14 phalanges per hand
how are the phalanges numbered
1-5
what is a phalanx
single bone in your fingers or toes
What does pelvic girdle imply
hip
functions of pelvic girdle
- provides a strong, stable support for the vertebral column
- protects the pelvic visceral organs
- provides attachment of he lower limbs to the axial skeleton
pubis symphysis
the joint in the front where the hip bones join
where does the pelvic girdle join
with the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint
each hip bone consists of what
3 bones
ilium
largest part
iliac crest
top of each hip bone
sciatic notch
back of each hip bone where the sciatic nerve passes through
what nerve is the largest nerve in your body
sciatic nerve
Ischium
lower posterior part of the hip bone
pubis
anterior and inferior part of the hip bone
antabulum
depression where the head of the femur fits in
male bones are what…
larger and heavier
the articular ends of bones are thicker in what…
relation to shaft
males have more what
muscle mass
points of muscle attachment tuberositys lines and ridges are….
larger
obturator foreamen
largest foreman in the skeleton
what surrounds the obturator foreman
ishism and pubis
how many bones are on each side for lower limbs
30 on each side
how many femurs are there
2
what is the strongest and heaviest bone in the body
femur
greater trochanter
projection on the proximal end
head of femur q
joins with the atiabulum to form hip joint
neck of femur
constricted area below the head that gets more fragile as you get older
when you have a broken hip it is either…
head, neck, or astabulum or greater trochanter
Medial lateral condyle
distal end joins with the tibia
what is your patella
kneecap
where is the patella located
the condyles on the anterior surface
function of patella
maintains the position of the tendon when the knee is flexed, protects the knee joint, increases the leverage of the tendon
what is your weight baring bone in your body
tibia (shin)
the tibia is….to the fibula
medial
the tibia joins with the…
femur proximal
the tibia joins with the talus of the…
ankle at the distal end
medial and lateral condyles
proximal end and joins with the medial and lateral condyle of the femur
where is the tibia tuberosity
in the middle of the 2 condyles where the condyles attach
medial malleolus of tibia
medial surface of the distal end and joins with the talus of the ankle to form the prominence felt of the medial surface
the fibula is what to the tibia
parellel
head of the fibula joins…
with the lateral condyle below the knee joint
Lateral malleolus of fibula
distal end and joins with the talus of the angel to form the lateral prominence of the ankle
the fibula joins with the tibia with what
fibular notch
tarsals are another name for what
ankels
7 angel bones are held together by what
ligaments
Talus
joins in the middle with a medial malleus of the tibia and lateraly with the lateral malleous of the fibula
during walking the talus initially bears what
the weight of the body and 1/2 is transmitted to the calcareous and the rest to the other tarsals
how many talus bones are there
2
calcaneous
largest and strongest tarsal bone
how many calcareous are there
2
cuboid
lateral side above the 4th and 5th metatarsal
where is the navicular located
medial side
how many navicular bones are there
1
cuniform
3 bones; 1st one is on the big toe side
how many metatarsals are there
5
each metatarsal has what
proximal base, body and distal head
metatarsal 1 is the thickest because
it is connected to the big toe and bares more weight
how many phalanges are there
14
what is the big toe called
hallux
how many arches are in your foot
2
longitudinal arch
extends front to back (medial and lateral)
transverse arch
formed by the navicular, 3 cuneiform bones and bases of 5 metatarsals
what are the functions of arches
- support weight of the body
- distributes weight of the body
- provides leverage when you walk
what is flat foot
weakened ligaments and tendons
what caused flat foot
abnormal posture
genetics
excessive weight
with abnormal posture the height of the medial longitudinal arch may….
fall
