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PS 260 > Fourth Test > Flashcards

Fourth Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is personal/monarchical rule based off of?

A

the claim that one person alone is fit to run the country

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2
Q

What is patrimonialism?

A

Where benefits are limited to a small group of regime supporters

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3
Q

What years did Mobutu Sese Seko rule Zaire?

A

1965-1997

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4
Q

What country was Zaire ?

A

DRC

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5
Q

Over the past half century, military rules was more common where?

A

Latin America, Africa, and Asia

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6
Q

What is coup d’état?

A

When military forces control the government by force

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7
Q

A regime in which the state bureaucracy and the military believe that technocratic leadership can solve the country’s problems is called what?

A

Bureaucratic Authoritarianism

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8
Q

Over the past 30 years, many bureaucratic authoritarian regimes have transitioned to what?

A

Democracy

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9
Q

What is one party rule?

A

A single party monopolizes politics, with other parties banned or excluded from power

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10
Q

A regime with faith as its foundation is called what?

A

Theocracy

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11
Q

What is an example of a theocracy?

A

Iran

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12
Q

In what year did Ayatollah Khomeni become the leader of Iran?

A

1979

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13
Q

In Iran, what can reject legislation?

A

A guardian council

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14
Q

In Iran, who acts as the supreme religious leader?

A

The King

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15
Q

What is the Mutawwai?

A

The morality police

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16
Q

True or false: In Saudi Arabia and Iran, conversion from Islam is punishable by death

A

True

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17
Q

What are example of semi-democratic regimes?

A

Turkey, Thailand, and Venezuela

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18
Q

In semi democratic systems, who holds overwhelming power?

A

executives

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19
Q

In a semi-democratic system, the government controls what to deny the opposition a platform?

A

Media

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20
Q

Name 3 ways to manipulate elections

A
  • Changing electoral rules
  • barring candidates from running
  • vote buying/intimidation
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21
Q

Advanced democracies are also called what?

A

First world

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22
Q

Communist countries are known as what?

A

Second world

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23
Q

Developing countries are known as what?

A

Third world

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24
Q

Advanced democracies are in the what?

A

top 55 countries on the HDI Index

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25
Q

All advanced democracies are what?

A

Liberal democracies

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26
Q

Name 3 advanced democracies in North/South America

A
  • USA
  • Canada
  • Argentina
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27
Q

Name 3 advanced democracies in Europe

A
  • Germany
  • Sweden
  • UK
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28
Q

Name 3 advanced democracies in Asia

A
  • Australia
  • New Zealand
  • Japan
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29
Q

Name an advanced democracies in the middle east

A

Israel

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30
Q

Within advanced democracies, there is a movement toward what?

A
  • integration between countries

- greater devolution within countries

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31
Q

Integration is a process where states pool their what to gain political and economic benefits?

A

Sovereignty

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32
Q

Devolution is meant to do what?

A
  • increase local participation

- increase efficiency and flexibility

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33
Q

The most important example of integration is what?

A

The European Union

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34
Q

What happened on January 1, 2002?

A

Participating EU members joined the monetary union

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35
Q

What two countries declined to join the EU monetary union?

A

Sweden and Denmark

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36
Q

Advanced democracies are having a large increase in what?

A

Immigration

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37
Q

In the USA, the largest proportion of immigrants come from where?

A

Latin America

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38
Q

In Canada and Asia, the majority of the immigrants come from where?

A

Australia and New Zealand

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39
Q

In Europe, where do the majority of the Immigrants come from?

A

North Africa and Turkey

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40
Q

Increasing numbers of immigrants have increased what?

A

xenophobic tendencies

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41
Q

In advanced democracies, there are issues of what?

A
  • post industrialism

- Maintaining the welfare state

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42
Q

Communism can be traced to who?

A

Karl Marx

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43
Q

According to Marx, people suffer from what?

A

False Consciousness

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44
Q

Marx claimed human history developed in what 4 phases?

A
  • Feudalism
  • Capitalism
  • Dictatorship of the Proletariat
  • Communist Utopia
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45
Q

Who are the two most notable Marxists?

A

Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin) and Mao Zedong

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46
Q

Who instituted policies of Perestroika and Glasnost?

A

Mikhail Gorbachev

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47
Q

What is perestroika?

A

Economic restructuring

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48
Q

What is glasnost?

A

Political liberalization

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49
Q

What is nomenklatura?

A

Where politically sensitive jobs in the state are staffed and approved by the Communist Party

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50
Q

What are the three parts of the communist party?

A
  • general secretary
  • politburo
  • central committee
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51
Q

Communist countries replaced the market system with what?

A

State bureaucracy

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52
Q

The process of allocating resources by planning production, pricing, and distribution is called what?

A

Central Planning

53
Q

When did communism collapse?

A

1989 to 1991

54
Q

The former soviet union broke up into how many countries?

A

15

55
Q

The fall of communism normally involves the implication of what?

A

Capitalism

56
Q

Countries in Asia and Latin America achieved high levels of economic development are called what?

A

Newly Industrializing Countries (NIC)

57
Q

What are three examples of NICS

A
  • Singapore
  • Brazil
  • South Korea
58
Q

Name four examples of developing countries

A
  • Chad
  • Haiti
  • Yemen
  • Lebanon
59
Q

Newly industrialized and developing countries were formerly what?

A

Controlled by larger empires and have a history of colonialism

60
Q

What does it mean to consolidate physical occupation of a foreign territory through military force, businesses, or settlors?

A

Colonialism

61
Q

what are the three factors that make up imperialism?

A
  • Exporting the state
  • imposing new social identities
  • Creating dependent development
62
Q

When did most colonies in Africa gain independence?

A

1950’s and 1960’s

63
Q

When did Portugal fully withdraw from Africa?

A

1975

64
Q

When did the UK return Hong Kong to China?

A

1997

65
Q

What are the three challenges of post imperialism?

A
  • building state capacity and effective institutions
  • Forging new social identities
  • generating economic growth
66
Q

Newly independent countries pursued what two economic policies?

A
  • Import Substitution

- Export Oriented Industrialization

67
Q

What is it called when a country restricts imports with tariff and nontariff barriers to boost demand for local alternatives?

A

Import Substitution

68
Q

To meet the demand of import substitution, the government created what?

A

Parastatals, or state-owned industries

69
Q

Name two countries that participated in import substitution

A

Ghana and Argentina

70
Q

What is it called when a country seeks out technologies and industries to produce items for export?

A

Export-oriented Industrialization

71
Q

Due to export-oriented industrialization, the IMF recommended policies called what?

A

Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPS)

72
Q

what are the 5 requirements of SAPS?

A
  • Privatize state owned firms
  • End Subsidies
  • Reduce tariff barriers
  • Shrink size of the state bureaucracy
  • welcome foreign investment
73
Q

To enhance the prospects for democracy and development, there is a need to do what 3 things?

A
  • generate efficient states
  • build and empower civil society
  • promote economic prosperity
74
Q

The Mexican revolution lead to the death of how many people?

A

1.5 million

75
Q

The Russian revolution and civil war claimed how many people?

A

over 5 million

76
Q

What revolutions were not violent?

A

1989 revolutions by Communist regimes in Eastern Europe

77
Q

What is the use of violence by nonstate actors against civilians to achieve a political goal?

A

Terrorism

78
Q

What are two ways countries are fighting terrorism?

A
  • help reduce its appeal

- undermine the motivation behind it

79
Q

Who are the leading industrial societies in Europe?

A

Britain, Germany, and France

80
Q

Britain, Germany, and France have become what?

A
  • stable, pluralist democracies

- competitive, representative democracies

81
Q

Since 1801, the formal name of the UK has been what?

A

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

82
Q

The UK consists of what 3 nations?

A
  • England
  • Scotland
  • Wales
83
Q

The British crown is a symbol for what?

A
  • the monarchy

- her majesty’s government

84
Q

In the 19th century, Britain governed how much of the world?

A

one quarter of the world’s population and 50 countries

85
Q

The Commonwealth includes who?

A

The UK and 54 former colonies

86
Q

Majority in British parliament has what?

A

Unchecked power

87
Q

What is the name of the British parliamentary system?

A

Westminster Model of Government

88
Q

What are the two key institutions of the British system?

A
  • Cabinet government

- party government

89
Q

What is collective responsibility?

A

every member must accept every cabinet decisions even if they disagree

90
Q

The lower house of British legislature is called what?

A

House of Commons

91
Q

The upper house of the British legislature is called what?

A

House of Lords

92
Q

The House of Lords is filled in what three ways?

A
  • Hereditary Lords
  • Lifelords
  • Princes of the church
93
Q

The british parliament consists of what three powers?

A
  • The sovereign
  • The house of lords
  • House of commons
94
Q

The sovereign is part of parliament and referred to as what?

A

The Queen in Parliament

95
Q

Parliamentary opposition is referred to as what?

A

Her Majesty’s Loyal Opposition

96
Q

The shadow cabinet are what?

A

Presumptive successors

97
Q

True or false: there is no British constitution

A

True

98
Q

In 1215, what document set limits on the power of the monarchy?

A

Magna Carta

99
Q

What year was the British Bill of Rights written?

A

1689

100
Q

What document unified England and Scotland?

A

1707 Act of Union

101
Q

What is the primogeniture?

A

Oldest son inherits the throne

102
Q

Parliament members are elected to how long of terms?

A

5 years

103
Q

The British prime minister must appear in a weekly what?

A

Televised question period

104
Q

The House of commons has how many members?

A

646

105
Q

The house of lords has how many members?

A

750

106
Q

The house of Lords also serves as what?

A

The court of last appeal

107
Q

In the British judicial system, there is no what?

A

Judicial review

108
Q

From the end of WWII to 1970, Britain had a 2 party system consisting of who?

A
  • The conservative party

- The Labour Party

109
Q

True or false: Britain reserves rights to the states

A

False

110
Q

After 1974, what parties emerged in the UK?

A
  • Centrist Liberal Democratic Party

- Scottish Nationalist Party

111
Q

What tow regimes has France experienced in the past two centuries?

A
  • authoritarian

- democratic

112
Q

When was the French revolution?

A

1789-1799

113
Q

Who was overthrown during the French revolution?

A

Ancien Regime

114
Q

When was the fifth republic established in France?

A

1958

115
Q

Who was the first president of the Fifth Republic?

A

general Charles de Gaulle

116
Q

How long was Charles de Gaulle president of France?

A

10 years; 1958-1968

117
Q

de Gaulle granted what country independence?

A

Algeria

118
Q

what did de Gaulle withdraw France from?

A

military command structure of NATO

119
Q

de Gaulle established what?

A

Substantial welfare state

120
Q

In France, who is the head of government and who is the head of state?

A

PM- government

President- state

121
Q

Who appoints the Prime Minister?

A

France

122
Q

What is it called when the prime minister is appointed from another party?

A

co-habitation

123
Q

How many members are in the national assembly?

A

577

124
Q

How many members are in the senate?

A

321

125
Q

The French judicial system is based on what?

A

Continental European Code Law

126
Q

In France, there is what type of court to settle Constitutional disputes?

A

Constitutional Council

127
Q

Where is all the power in France concentrated?

A

Paris

128
Q

There are how many regions in France?

A

26

129
Q

There are how many state departments in France?

A

100

PS 260 (5 decks)

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