Fourth Test Flashcards
What is personal/monarchical rule based off of?
the claim that one person alone is fit to run the country
What is patrimonialism?
Where benefits are limited to a small group of regime supporters
What years did Mobutu Sese Seko rule Zaire?
1965-1997
What country was Zaire ?
DRC
Over the past half century, military rules was more common where?
Latin America, Africa, and Asia
What is coup d’état?
When military forces control the government by force
A regime in which the state bureaucracy and the military believe that technocratic leadership can solve the country’s problems is called what?
Bureaucratic Authoritarianism
Over the past 30 years, many bureaucratic authoritarian regimes have transitioned to what?
Democracy
What is one party rule?
A single party monopolizes politics, with other parties banned or excluded from power
A regime with faith as its foundation is called what?
Theocracy
What is an example of a theocracy?
Iran
In what year did Ayatollah Khomeni become the leader of Iran?
1979
In Iran, what can reject legislation?
A guardian council
In Iran, who acts as the supreme religious leader?
The King
What is the Mutawwai?
The morality police
True or false: In Saudi Arabia and Iran, conversion from Islam is punishable by death
True
What are example of semi-democratic regimes?
Turkey, Thailand, and Venezuela
In semi democratic systems, who holds overwhelming power?
executives
In a semi-democratic system, the government controls what to deny the opposition a platform?
Media
Name 3 ways to manipulate elections
- Changing electoral rules
- barring candidates from running
- vote buying/intimidation
Advanced democracies are also called what?
First world
Communist countries are known as what?
Second world
Developing countries are known as what?
Third world
Advanced democracies are in the what?
top 55 countries on the HDI Index
All advanced democracies are what?
Liberal democracies
Name 3 advanced democracies in North/South America
- USA
- Canada
- Argentina
Name 3 advanced democracies in Europe
- Germany
- Sweden
- UK
Name 3 advanced democracies in Asia
- Australia
- New Zealand
- Japan
Name an advanced democracies in the middle east
Israel
Within advanced democracies, there is a movement toward what?
- integration between countries
- greater devolution within countries
Integration is a process where states pool their what to gain political and economic benefits?
Sovereignty
Devolution is meant to do what?
- increase local participation
- increase efficiency and flexibility
The most important example of integration is what?
The European Union
What happened on January 1, 2002?
Participating EU members joined the monetary union
What two countries declined to join the EU monetary union?
Sweden and Denmark
Advanced democracies are having a large increase in what?
Immigration
In the USA, the largest proportion of immigrants come from where?
Latin America
In Canada and Asia, the majority of the immigrants come from where?
Australia and New Zealand
In Europe, where do the majority of the Immigrants come from?
North Africa and Turkey
Increasing numbers of immigrants have increased what?
xenophobic tendencies
In advanced democracies, there are issues of what?
- post industrialism
- Maintaining the welfare state
Communism can be traced to who?
Karl Marx
According to Marx, people suffer from what?
False Consciousness
Marx claimed human history developed in what 4 phases?
- Feudalism
- Capitalism
- Dictatorship of the Proletariat
- Communist Utopia
Who are the two most notable Marxists?
Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin) and Mao Zedong
Who instituted policies of Perestroika and Glasnost?
Mikhail Gorbachev
What is perestroika?
Economic restructuring
What is glasnost?
Political liberalization
What is nomenklatura?
Where politically sensitive jobs in the state are staffed and approved by the Communist Party
What are the three parts of the communist party?
- general secretary
- politburo
- central committee
Communist countries replaced the market system with what?
State bureaucracy
The process of allocating resources by planning production, pricing, and distribution is called what?
Central Planning
When did communism collapse?
1989 to 1991
The former soviet union broke up into how many countries?
15
The fall of communism normally involves the implication of what?
Capitalism
Countries in Asia and Latin America achieved high levels of economic development are called what?
Newly Industrializing Countries (NIC)
What are three examples of NICS
- Singapore
- Brazil
- South Korea
Name four examples of developing countries
- Chad
- Haiti
- Yemen
- Lebanon
Newly industrialized and developing countries were formerly what?
Controlled by larger empires and have a history of colonialism
What does it mean to consolidate physical occupation of a foreign territory through military force, businesses, or settlors?
Colonialism
what are the three factors that make up imperialism?
- Exporting the state
- imposing new social identities
- Creating dependent development
When did most colonies in Africa gain independence?
1950’s and 1960’s
When did Portugal fully withdraw from Africa?
1975
When did the UK return Hong Kong to China?
1997
What are the three challenges of post imperialism?
- building state capacity and effective institutions
- Forging new social identities
- generating economic growth
Newly independent countries pursued what two economic policies?
- Import Substitution
- Export Oriented Industrialization
What is it called when a country restricts imports with tariff and nontariff barriers to boost demand for local alternatives?
Import Substitution
To meet the demand of import substitution, the government created what?
Parastatals, or state-owned industries
Name two countries that participated in import substitution
Ghana and Argentina
What is it called when a country seeks out technologies and industries to produce items for export?
Export-oriented Industrialization
Due to export-oriented industrialization, the IMF recommended policies called what?
Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPS)
what are the 5 requirements of SAPS?
- Privatize state owned firms
- End Subsidies
- Reduce tariff barriers
- Shrink size of the state bureaucracy
- welcome foreign investment
To enhance the prospects for democracy and development, there is a need to do what 3 things?
- generate efficient states
- build and empower civil society
- promote economic prosperity
The Mexican revolution lead to the death of how many people?
1.5 million
The Russian revolution and civil war claimed how many people?
over 5 million
What revolutions were not violent?
1989 revolutions by Communist regimes in Eastern Europe
What is the use of violence by nonstate actors against civilians to achieve a political goal?
Terrorism
What are two ways countries are fighting terrorism?
- help reduce its appeal
- undermine the motivation behind it
Who are the leading industrial societies in Europe?
Britain, Germany, and France
Britain, Germany, and France have become what?
- stable, pluralist democracies
- competitive, representative democracies
Since 1801, the formal name of the UK has been what?
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
The UK consists of what 3 nations?
- England
- Scotland
- Wales
The British crown is a symbol for what?
- the monarchy
- her majesty’s government
In the 19th century, Britain governed how much of the world?
one quarter of the world’s population and 50 countries
The Commonwealth includes who?
The UK and 54 former colonies
Majority in British parliament has what?
Unchecked power
What is the name of the British parliamentary system?
Westminster Model of Government
What are the two key institutions of the British system?
- Cabinet government
- party government
What is collective responsibility?
every member must accept every cabinet decisions even if they disagree
The lower house of British legislature is called what?
House of Commons
The upper house of the British legislature is called what?
House of Lords
The House of Lords is filled in what three ways?
- Hereditary Lords
- Lifelords
- Princes of the church
The british parliament consists of what three powers?
- The sovereign
- The house of lords
- House of commons
The sovereign is part of parliament and referred to as what?
The Queen in Parliament
Parliamentary opposition is referred to as what?
Her Majesty’s Loyal Opposition
The shadow cabinet are what?
Presumptive successors
True or false: there is no British constitution
True
In 1215, what document set limits on the power of the monarchy?
Magna Carta
What year was the British Bill of Rights written?
1689
What document unified England and Scotland?
1707 Act of Union
What is the primogeniture?
Oldest son inherits the throne
Parliament members are elected to how long of terms?
5 years
The British prime minister must appear in a weekly what?
Televised question period
The House of commons has how many members?
646
The house of lords has how many members?
750
The house of Lords also serves as what?
The court of last appeal
In the British judicial system, there is no what?
Judicial review
From the end of WWII to 1970, Britain had a 2 party system consisting of who?
- The conservative party
- The Labour Party
True or false: Britain reserves rights to the states
False
After 1974, what parties emerged in the UK?
- Centrist Liberal Democratic Party
- Scottish Nationalist Party
What tow regimes has France experienced in the past two centuries?
- authoritarian
- democratic
When was the French revolution?
1789-1799
Who was overthrown during the French revolution?
Ancien Regime
When was the fifth republic established in France?
1958
Who was the first president of the Fifth Republic?
general Charles de Gaulle
How long was Charles de Gaulle president of France?
10 years; 1958-1968
de Gaulle granted what country independence?
Algeria
what did de Gaulle withdraw France from?
military command structure of NATO
de Gaulle established what?
Substantial welfare state
In France, who is the head of government and who is the head of state?
PM- government
President- state
Who appoints the Prime Minister?
France
What is it called when the prime minister is appointed from another party?
co-habitation
How many members are in the national assembly?
577
How many members are in the senate?
321
The French judicial system is based on what?
Continental European Code Law
In France, there is what type of court to settle Constitutional disputes?
Constitutional Council
Where is all the power in France concentrated?
Paris
There are how many regions in France?
26
There are how many state departments in France?
100
