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PS 260 > First Test > Flashcards

First Test Flashcards

1
Q

3 Things comparing politics enables us to do

A

1- Better understand governments
2- Explain them
3- Predict them

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2
Q

Synchronic/ Cross-National Approach

A

Comparison made between one state and another, or several at a time

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3
Q

Diachronic Approach

A

Comparisons within one or more states over time

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4
Q

Configurative Approach

A

Study of patterns within individual states

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5
Q

2 groups of classification

A

Modern Societies, Traditional Societies

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6
Q

Modern Societies

A

Have relatively highly organized systems

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7
Q

Traditional Societies

A

low standards of organization, people are ruled by customs or personal beliefs of leaders

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8
Q

Single country analysis

A

Studying one country in depth

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9
Q

Most-Similar-System Comparison

A

Compares political systems which are as similar as possible with respect to as many features as possible

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10
Q

Most-different-system Comparison

A

looking for most dissimilarities

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11
Q

First World

A

Politically advanced, economically modernized

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12
Q

Second world

A

Communist

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13
Q

Third World

A

Developing

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14
Q

All states have features comparable to other states. Within democracies there are differences between-

A

Established and Traditional Democracies

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15
Q

Dictatorship

A

Absolute ruler or absolute system of government

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16
Q

Totalitarianism

A

regime or gov’t which controls all aspects of society + Communist regimes

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17
Q

Communist/Authoritarian Governments may come in the form of

A

One party states, Military Governments, Monarchies

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18
Q

2 Focuses of Studying Constitutional Systems

A

Explore how national constitutions are drafted; to find the optimal size of the government

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19
Q

Most Constitutions in the world are how old?

A

Less than 40 years

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20
Q

Constitutions explore issues concerning-

A

The preliminaries + power and power relationships

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21
Q

The Constitution also discusses what 10 things?

A
  • Defines the executive powers and how they are limited
  • Identify the scope of the chief executive and what his title will be
  • Outline the structure of the legislature (unicameral/bicameral)
  • State the powers of the legislatures and limits powers
  • Elections and political parties
  • Non-political institutions
  • Rights
  • Immigration/Naturalization
  • The economic system
  • Process for amendment
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22
Q

The political right accepts what?

A

Existence of social and economic inequalities

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23
Q

The left emphasizes that government is important to promote what?

A

Opportunities and reduction of social inequalities

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24
Q

2 trends in European politics:

A

Fall of Communism, extreme right finding support amongst insecure voters

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25
Q

Parties in Scandinavia are more what?

A

Moderate

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26
Q

Progress and New Democracy Parties center of much of their appeals on:

A

attacking government bureaucracy and high taxes

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27
Q

Scandinavian countries have a higher representation of who?

A

Women

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28
Q

Scandinavian countries use what kind of representation?

A

Proportional

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29
Q

2 Major events that shaped Europe’s political map

A

Creation of EU, Collapse of Communism

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30
Q

Concept of “Near abroad”

A

Countries that border former soviet satellite states

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31
Q

What Russian president developed the first post communist government?

A

Boris Yeltsin

32
Q

Russia annexed Crimea in what year?

A

1783

33
Q

In 1954, Russia transferred Crimea to what country?

A

Ukraine

34
Q

True or False: Crimea was an autonomous republic within Ukraine before Russia intervened

A

True

35
Q

Why did Crimea abolish the presidential position?

A

A Pro-Russian separatist won office in 1995

36
Q

What position was created in Ukraine in consultation with the parliament of Crimea?

A

Prime Minister

37
Q

20 years after the creation of the position, what did the pro-Russian prime minister in Crimea do?

A

Ask Vladimir Putin for assistance

38
Q

What happened by means of referendum on March 16, 2014?

A

Crimea joined the Russian federation

39
Q

Most people in Crimea identify as what?

A

Ethnic Russians

40
Q

True or False: Russia doesn’t see Crimea as anything more than extra land

A

False, they have political interest in protecting land that is historically and culturally theirs

41
Q

The Theory of Structure Functionalism states what 4 things about political systems?

A

1- All political systems have political structure
2- The same functions are performed in all political systems
3- All political structures are multifunctional
4-All political systems are mixed in a cultural sense

42
Q

What are the three components of political culture?

A

Cognitive Orientation
Affective Orientation
Attitudinal Evaluative Orientation

43
Q

What are the 3 individual profiles in politics?

A

Parochials, Subjects, Participants

44
Q

Who are parochials?

A

Citizens with little awareness of government and politics in their country

45
Q

Who are Subjects?

A

Citizens who see governmental impact on their lives but are not active in shaping action

46
Q

Who are Participants?

A

Citizens who develop an awareness of the input process of society (Highly involved)

47
Q

Modernization theories developed when?

A

1960’s

48
Q

The process of going from a traditional society or a modern one involves coping with at least 1 of how many political challenges?

A

6

49
Q

What does it mean to have an identity crisis?

A

There is a lacking sense of purpose and unity amongst culturally diverse groups

50
Q

What does a legitimacy crisis mean?

A

There is an issue involving the exercise of authority

51
Q

What is a participation crisis?

A

There is an issue managing the public demand for inclusion

52
Q

What is a penetration crisis?

A

When the government is not completely established across the nation

53
Q

What is an integration crisis?

A

When there are issues maintaining a coherent set of relationships among various groups and interests

54
Q

What is a distribution crisis?

A

When there are issues getting necessary resources to various groups

55
Q

Western theorists have identified how many models of development?

A

5

56
Q

Whats does the liberal model of development assume?

A

Modernization and development will improve the material conditions of society, and will bring democracy in developing nations

57
Q

What does the bourgeois model imply?

A

It refers to the political requirements on an emerging middle class who’s needs involve urban economic growth and development of electoral and legislative institutions

58
Q

What is the autocratic model?

A

Says that the government may employ the power of the state to suppress middle class participation and to secure the support of lower classes

59
Q

What is the technocratic model is characterized by?

A

Low political participation and high foreign investment

60
Q

What does the populist model emphasize?

A

High political participation

61
Q

What is the issue with the theories of development?

A

They draw experiences from developed countries to explain events in developing countries

62
Q

The theory of development and underdevelopment is based on what assumption?

A

The progress of developing nations has been and continues to be impeded

63
Q

The theory of development and underdevelopment states that developing countries are being impeded by what?

A

Domestic and international forces bent on ongoing exploitation of these areas and their resources

64
Q

True or false: the theories of dependency insist that without a comprehensive change in the relations between the rich and poor countries, the developing nations will continue to experience development problems

A

True

65
Q

What are the issues associated with “soft states?”

A
  • Inconsistency and arbitrary application of laws
  • Deals between officials
  • Widespread government corruption
66
Q

What is stability?

A

The persistence and durability of democratic and other regimes over time

67
Q

What are the 5 key concepts associated with democracies?

A
  • Highly inclusive level of participation
  • Civil and political liberties
  • freedom of expression
  • freedom of the press
  • freedom to form and join associations
68
Q

What is one method of changing government in the third world?

A

Revolution

69
Q

Revolution is common in what kinds of places?

A
  • Organizationally weak places

- Suddenly weakened authoritarian governments

70
Q

Name 3 successful revolutions against dictators

A
  • 1911 Mexican Revolution against Porfirio Diaz
  • 1959 Cuban Revolution against Fulgencia Batista
  • 1974 Ethiopian revolution against emperor Haile Selassie
  • 1979 Nicaraguan revolution against Anastasio Somoza
  • 1979 Iranian revolution against monarchy or Pahlavi Shas
71
Q

True or false: In many countries, the public bureaucracy acts as the administrative arm of government

A

True

72
Q

How many types of politico-administrative systems are there?

A

3

73
Q

What is the traditional-autocratic type?

A

politico-administration system; political elites rely on military and civil bureaucracy to inspire change

74
Q

What is the bureaucratic elite type?

A

politico-administration system; where political power is dominated by the civil and military bureaucracy - the military depends on the civil service to implement development programs

75
Q

What is the dominant party mobilization type?

A

politico-administration system; he dominant party is the only legal party

76
Q

What does the dominant party mobilization type cause tension between?

A
  • The technical and professional staff in the bureaucracy

- the politicians who insist on the importance of nationalism/loyalty to current government

PS 260 (5 decks)

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