Founders and foundation

Question 1

Bourdieu’s social capital(1986)

Answer 1

Sum of mobilizable network connections, each with its own economic and cultural capital
Investments in the buid-up and maintancance of social relations with an eye on future returns.

Question 2

Rational action paradigm

Answer 2

Sociology: socialized actors without action
Economics: utility maximized but shaped and constrained by the social context
Definition: social relations that facilitate behaviour

Question 3

3 forms of social capital:

Answer 3

1. Obligations, reciprocal expectations and trustworthiness of network
2. Information channels via social relations in network
3. Social norms for the sake of collective (rather than individual) interests.

Question 4

Putnam (2000)

Answer 4

Social capital refers to connections among individuals – social networks and norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them.

Question 5

Putnam’s progression

Answer 5

Putnam 2000: Reciprocity
–> trustworthiness
Putnam 1993/1995 –> stock possessed by communities
Putnam 2007 –> social networks and the associated norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness

Question 6

Portes (2000)

Answer 6

1. Individuals source of social control, a source of family mediated benefits and a source of resources mediated by nonfamily networks.
2. As a property of collectivities (early Putnam)
   a. Contradictions between social capital at the individual level and social capital at the collective level
   b. The cause and effect of social capital as an individual and collective property are not distinguished

Question 7

Van Deth (2003)

Answer 7

• Structural aspects of social capital: Social contacts within organizations, friends families etc.
• Cultural aspects of social capital: Trust in others and norms of reciprocity