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biochem > FOUNDATIONS OF FCKING BIOCHEM > Flashcards

FOUNDATIONS OF FCKING BIOCHEM Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the composition,
properties and interactions of
matter.

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

the science that
deals with the structure and
interactions of matter.

A

chemistry

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3
Q

anything that
occupies space and has
mass.

A

Matter

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4
Q

what are the 3 states of matter

A

solid, liquid, gas

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5
Q

________ are compact and have definite shape and volume such as our bones,
teeth and skin

A

solids

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6
Q

_________ like our blood plasma assume the shape of their container and
have definite volume.

A

liquids

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7
Q

________ do not have definite shape or volume. Examples are oxygen, carbon
dioxide and nitrogen.

A

gas

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8
Q

Living or non – living, all forms of matter
are composed of a limited number of
building blocks called ________

A

chemical elements

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9
Q

a pure substance
that cannot be broken down by chemical
reactions into a simpler substance. Some
examples of elements are Nitrogen (N),
Carbon (C), Oxygen (O), Gold (Au) and
Hydrogen (H).

A

chemical element

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10
Q

Our body is composed of how many different chemical
elements?

A

26

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11
Q

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen are
considered as major elements since they constitute
about ____% of our body mass

A

96%

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12
Q

About _____% of our body mass is composed of lesser
elements such as phosphorus, potassium, sulphur,
sodium, chlorine, magnesium and iron

A

3.6%

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13
Q

Trace elements may be present in tiny amounts,
which account for only _____% of our body mass, but
they serve important functions in the body. Trace
elements include Aluminium, Boron, Chromium,
Cobalt, Copper, Fluorine, Iodine, Manganese,
Molybdenum, Selenium, Silicon, Tin, Vanadium and
Zinc.

A

0.4%

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14
Q

A Russian chemist, who organised
chemical elements into chart,
called the periodic table, which we
still use today.

A

DMITRY MENDELEYEV

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15
Q

the smallest component of
matter, which retains all the characteristics
and chemical properties of an element.

A

atom

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16
Q

The central part of an atom, called the
_______ enclosed the protons and neutrons.

A

nucleus

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17
Q

This subatomic particle is contained in the
nucleus with a positive charge and
approximately one atomic mass unit (amu).

A

Protons

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18
Q

Just like protons, ______ are contained
in the nucleus with one atomic mass unit
(amu), but uncharged.

A

neutrons

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19
Q

are smaller than protons with
negative charge that surround the nucleus.
Its atomic mass is about 1/1800 amu, so they
do not contribute to the overall atomic mass
of an element

A

electrons

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20
Q

The electrons may not have a
significant contribution to the ______ of an
atom, but they contribute greatly to the
_____ of an atom.

A

mass, charge

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21
Q

this determines the atomic number of an element and is used in distinguishing an element from another

A

number of protons in the nucleus

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22
Q

the sum of the number of protons
and the number neutrons in the
nucleus.

A

mass number

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23
Q

atoms of an element with
the same number of protons but differ in
the number of neutrons.

A

Isotopes

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24
Q

isotopes that are unstable,
and thus, they emit energy or particles as they break down into a
more stable form.

A

Radioactive Isotopes or Radioisotopes

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25
Q

These are very useful in medicine or science, such as carbon dating
and X-ray machines.

A

Radioactive Isotopes or Radioisotopes

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26
Q

are atoms that gained or lost
an electron. Atoms that lost an
electron are positive charge
(cations), whereas atoms that have
gained an electron are negative
charge (anions).

A

IONS

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27
Q

Two or more chemically
bonded atoms. Example is O2 that is composed of
two atoms of oxygen.

A

molecules

28
Q

substance consists of atoms of two
or more different elements.

A

compound

29
Q

An attractive force that keeps atoms
together, whether the electrons are
donated, shared or stolen

A

CHEMICAL BOND

30
Q

This bond is formed when there is an
electrical attraction between two ions
with opposite charges.

A

IONIC BOND

31
Q

Positive ions that are formed by
losing electrons are called _____,
whereas _____ are negative ions that
are formed by gaining electrons. For
instance, Na and Cl to form NaCl
(table salt)

A

cations, anions

32
Q

Two atoms share their electrons. This type
of chemical found is common in carbon –
based organic molecules like DNA and
proteins. It can also be found in inorganic
molecules, such as water, oxygen and
carbon dioxide.

A

COVALENT BOND

33
Q

This bond is formed when two atoms of the same
element or different elements share their electrons
equally.

A

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

34
Q

The electrons are not equally shared, so they are
more attracted to one nucleus than the other. This
is formed when highly electronegative atom shares
unequal electrons with less electronegative atom.

A

Polar Covalent Bond

35
Q

two types of covalent bond

A
  • Nonpolar Covalent Bond
  • Polar Covalent Bond
36
Q

Results from attraction of oppositely
partial charged parts of molecules.
This bond commonly occurs between
water molecules and is also responsible for the zipping of the
DNA double helix together.

A

HYDROGEN BOND

37
Q

refers to all the
chemical reactions that occur in the
body.

A

Metabolism

38
Q

the starting material
and are usually written on the left
side of the chemical equation.

A

Reactants

39
Q

The results of the reaction and are
usually written on the right side of
the equation.

A

Products

40
Q

occurs
when energy is released then absorbed

A

Exergonic reaction

41
Q

happens when energy is
absorbed than it is released

A

endergonic reaction

42
Q

“Synthesis” means what?

A

to put together

43
Q

This reaction occurs when two or
more atoms or molecules are joined
together to form larger or complex
molecules.

A

Synthesis Reactions – Anabolism

44
Q

This reaction happens when two complex
molecules are broken down into smaller
atoms, ions, or molecules.

A

Decomposition Reactions – Catabolism

45
Q

This reaction may consist of both
synthesis and decomposition
reactions

A

Exchange Reactions

46
Q

In this chemical reaction, a product
can revert or go back to being the
original reactant

A

Reversible Reactions

47
Q

usually lack carbon and have simple structures,
so their molecules contain only a few atoms and cannot be utilised by
the cells in complex biological functions.

A

INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

48
Q

These substances are dissolved readily in water such
as ions, sugar, and salt

A

HYDROPHILIC

49
Q

include fats and oils since they are mostly composed of
hydrogen and carbon, which form nonpolar bonds with
each other.

A

HYDROPHOBIC

50
Q

the study of organic compounds, containing
carbon and made by living organisms.

A

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

51
Q

are chemical compounds that are composed of
carbon and hydrogen.

A

Organic molecules

52
Q

This chemical reaction is also known as “condensation
reaction”, in which monomers are link together to
form polymers while losing water.

A

DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

53
Q

are single subunits, which serves as the
building blocks of most macromolecules. When these
are combined, they form large molecules
known as polymers, and release water molecules as
by products.

A

Monomers

54
Q

These atoms are covalently attached to the carbon, which is
considered as the basic structural component or the “backbone” of
macromolecules.

A

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

55
Q

Thia group play a significant role in the formation of macromolecules
such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

A

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

56
Q

The fundamental component of biological macromolecules.

A

CARBON

57
Q

These are organic molecules composed of entirely carbon and
hydrogen e.g., Methane (CH4)

A

HYDROCARBONS

58
Q

The study of the chemistry of
biological organisms.

A

BIOCHEMISTRY

59
Q

The study of the chemistry and
different compounds and
processes occurring in living
organisms such as the structures
and functions of biomolecules.

A

BIOCHEMISTRY

60
Q

THREE PRINCIPAL AREAS OF BIOCHEMISTRY

A
  1. STRUCTURAL
  2. METABOLISM
  3. CHEMISTRY OF PROCESSES AND
    SUBSTANCES
61
Q

BRANCHES OF
BIOCHEMISTRY

A
  • ANIMAL AND PLANT
    BIOCHEMISTRY
  • COMPARATIVE
    BIOCHEMISTRY
  • MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY
  • PATHOLOGICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
62
Q

This branch of
Biochemistry deals with
all the chemical
manifestations of
metabolism of plants
and animals.

A

ANIMAL AND PLANT
BIOCHEMISTRY

63
Q

This branch of
Biochemistry deals the
relationship between
the different forms of
life and how they
evolved from their
original structure.

A

COMPARATIVE
BIOCHEMISTRY

64
Q

This branch of Biochemistry
deals with the metabolism of
microorganisms such as
bacteria.

A

MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY

65
Q

This branch of Biochemistry is
concerned wit the abnormalities
of metabolism found in diseases.
Genetics has been receiving
attention because abnormalities
in metabolism are also inherited.

A

PATHOLOGICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

66
Q

These are large molecules necessary for life,
built from smaller organic molecules.

A

BIOMOLECULES/ BIOLOGICAL
MACROMOLECULES

67
Q

The four major classes of biomolecules

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
acids.

biochem (7 decks)

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