Foundations/Multi D Flashcards
PPE includes:
Scrub suits, masks, eye protection, gowns, gloves, accessories (caps, beard covers, shoe covers)
PPE Donning Order:
From the bottom up
Gown, mask, goggles, gloves (When raised above the head)
PPE Doffing Order:
Alphabetical order
Gloves, goggles, gown, mask
Contact Precautions:
Wash hands, wear gloves, wear gown, patient dedicated equipment, private/cohort rooms, limit patient transport to essential purposes only
EX: MRSA, staph, VRE, C Diff.
Droplet Precautions:
Wash hands, wear mask, private room preferred, limit patient transport to essential purposes only and patient must wear mask
EX: Strep, flu, COVID-19, Mumps
Airborne Precautions:
Wash hands, wear N-95 respirator, private room with negative air flow (Door must be closed), limit patient transport to essential purposes only and patient must wear mask
EX: TB, Chickenpox, Measles
Vital Signs Include:
Pain, temperature, heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, respiration, walking speed
Temperature Normative Values:
Normative: 96.8-99.3 degrees F
Average: 98.6 degrees F
Fever: Over 100 degree F
Heart Rate Normative Values:
Adults: 60-100 bpm
Children 1-10 y/o: 70-130 bpm
Newborns: 100-150 bpm
Factors Affecting Heart Rate:
Age, sex, environmental temp, infection, physical activity, emotional status, medications, cardiopulmonary disease, physical conditioning
Respiratory Rate Normative Values
Adults: 12-18/min
Infants: 30-50/min
Factors Affecting Respiratory Rate:
Age, physical activity, emotional status, air quality, altitude, disease, medication
Pulse Oximetry Normative Values:
Normative: 95-100%
Hypoxemia: <90%
Blood Pressure Normative Values:
Normal: <120 and <80
Elevated: 120-129 and <80
Stage 1: 130-139 or 80-89
Stage 2: >140 or 90-99
Crisis: >180 and/or >120
Factors Affecting Blood Pressure:
Age, physical activity, emotional status, medications, size/condition of artery, arm position, muscle contraction, blood volume, dehydration, cardiac output, site of measurement
Cycle of Cross Contamination and Infection:
- Reservoir for organism/host (Person with Covid-19)
- Method of exit for the organism
- Method of transmission of the organism
- Method of entry of the organism into a new host
- Susceptible host (Infection develops in new host)
What is Asepsis?
Absence of microorganisms that produce disease, the prevention of infection by maintaining a sterile condition
What is Medical Asepsis?
Practice that helps reduce the number and spread of microorganisms (PPE)
What is Surgical Asepsis?
Practices that render and keep objects and areas free of all microorganisms (surgical scrub)
Nosocomial/Hospital Acquired Infections:
Pertaining only to infections originating in a hospital
Dependent/Total Assist
Requires total physical assistance from one or more persons to accomplish the activity safely
0-24% of the activity is completed by the patient
Maximal Assist (max A):
Patient performs 25-49% of activity, assistance required to complete activity
Moderate Assist (mod A):
Patient performs 50-74% of activity, assistance required to complete activity
Minimal Assist (min A):
Patient performs 75% or more of activity, assistance required to complete activity
Contact Guarding (CGA):
Caregiver positioned close to the patient with hands on the patient or gait belt, protection required during activity
Standby/Supervision Assist (SBA):
Verbal or tactile cues, directions, or instructions required from caregiver positioned close to patient, but not touching patient performing activity
Modified Independent (Mod I):
Patient is able to perform task independently but uses adaptive or assistive equipment or requires additional time
Independent (I):
Patient can perform transfer without any type of verbal or manual assistance
Verbal Cues:
Verbal or tactile cues, directions, instructions, or set-up required from caregiver but patient able to perform activity without direct assistance
Wheelchair Seat Height Measurements:
Heel of the shoe (with footwear) to popliteal fold. Then add 2 inches to allow clearance of footrests
If a seat cushion is used, do not add inches
Wheelchair Leg Length Measurements:
No patient measurement
Minimum clearance between floor and footplate is 2 inches measured from the lowest part on the bottom of the footplate
Wheelchair Seat Depth Measurements:
Posterior buttock to the posterior aspect of the lower leg on the popliteal fossa
Subtract two inches from patient’s measurements
Wheelchair Seat Width Measurements:
Patients hip width at widest part and add 2 inches
Wheelchair Back Height Measurements:
Varies depending on amount of support needed
For standard adult w/c, measure from the seat of the chair to the axilla, then subtract 4 inches
Patient must be measured sitting on cushion if cushion will be used
Wheelchair Arm Rest Height Measurements:
From the seat of the chair to the olecranon process with the patient’s elbow flexed at 90 degrees, then add 1 inch
Patient must be measured sitting on cushion of cushion will be used
Purpose of Cushions for Wheelchairs:
- Improve pelvic position
- Relieves pressure
ICF Model: Body Functions:
The physiological functions of body systems (including psychological functions)