Foundations/Multi D Flashcards

1
Q

PPE includes:

A

Scrub suits, masks, eye protection, gowns, gloves, accessories (caps, beard covers, shoe covers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

PPE Donning Order:

A

From the bottom up
Gown, mask, goggles, gloves (When raised above the head)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

PPE Doffing Order:

A

Alphabetical order
Gloves, goggles, gown, mask

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Contact Precautions:

A

Wash hands, wear gloves, wear gown, patient dedicated equipment, private/cohort rooms, limit patient transport to essential purposes only
EX: MRSA, staph, VRE, C Diff.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Droplet Precautions:

A

Wash hands, wear mask, private room preferred, limit patient transport to essential purposes only and patient must wear mask
EX: Strep, flu, COVID-19, Mumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Airborne Precautions:

A

Wash hands, wear N-95 respirator, private room with negative air flow (Door must be closed), limit patient transport to essential purposes only and patient must wear mask
EX: TB, Chickenpox, Measles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vital Signs Include:

A

Pain, temperature, heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, respiration, walking speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Temperature Normative Values:

A

Normative: 96.8-99.3 degrees F
Average: 98.6 degrees F
Fever: Over 100 degree F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Heart Rate Normative Values:

A

Adults: 60-100 bpm
Children 1-10 y/o: 70-130 bpm
Newborns: 100-150 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Factors Affecting Heart Rate:

A

Age, sex, environmental temp, infection, physical activity, emotional status, medications, cardiopulmonary disease, physical conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Respiratory Rate Normative Values

A

Adults: 12-18/min
Infants: 30-50/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Factors Affecting Respiratory Rate:

A

Age, physical activity, emotional status, air quality, altitude, disease, medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pulse Oximetry Normative Values:

A

Normative: 95-100%
Hypoxemia: <90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blood Pressure Normative Values:

A

Normal: <120 and <80
Elevated: 120-129 and <80
Stage 1: 130-139 or 80-89
Stage 2: >140 or 90-99
Crisis: >180 and/or >120

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Factors Affecting Blood Pressure:

A

Age, physical activity, emotional status, medications, size/condition of artery, arm position, muscle contraction, blood volume, dehydration, cardiac output, site of measurement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cycle of Cross Contamination and Infection:

A
  1. Reservoir for organism/host (Person with Covid-19)
  2. Method of exit for the organism
  3. Method of transmission of the organism
  4. Method of entry of the organism into a new host
  5. Susceptible host (Infection develops in new host)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Asepsis?

A

Absence of microorganisms that produce disease, the prevention of infection by maintaining a sterile condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Medical Asepsis?

A

Practice that helps reduce the number and spread of microorganisms (PPE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Surgical Asepsis?

A

Practices that render and keep objects and areas free of all microorganisms (surgical scrub)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nosocomial/Hospital Acquired Infections:

A

Pertaining only to infections originating in a hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Dependent/Total Assist

A

Requires total physical assistance from one or more persons to accomplish the activity safely
0-24% of the activity is completed by the patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Maximal Assist (max A):

A

Patient performs 25-49% of activity, assistance required to complete activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Moderate Assist (mod A):

A

Patient performs 50-74% of activity, assistance required to complete activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Minimal Assist (min A):

A

Patient performs 75% or more of activity, assistance required to complete activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Contact Guarding (CGA):

A

Caregiver positioned close to the patient with hands on the patient or gait belt, protection required during activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Standby/Supervision Assist (SBA):

A

Verbal or tactile cues, directions, or instructions required from caregiver positioned close to patient, but not touching patient performing activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Modified Independent (Mod I):

A

Patient is able to perform task independently but uses adaptive or assistive equipment or requires additional time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Independent (I):

A

Patient can perform transfer without any type of verbal or manual assistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Verbal Cues:

A

Verbal or tactile cues, directions, instructions, or set-up required from caregiver but patient able to perform activity without direct assistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Wheelchair Seat Height Measurements:

A

Heel of the shoe (with footwear) to popliteal fold. Then add 2 inches to allow clearance of footrests
If a seat cushion is used, do not add inches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Wheelchair Leg Length Measurements:

A

No patient measurement
Minimum clearance between floor and footplate is 2 inches measured from the lowest part on the bottom of the footplate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Wheelchair Seat Depth Measurements:

A

Posterior buttock to the posterior aspect of the lower leg on the popliteal fossa
Subtract two inches from patient’s measurements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Wheelchair Seat Width Measurements:

A

Patients hip width at widest part and add 2 inches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Wheelchair Back Height Measurements:

A

Varies depending on amount of support needed
For standard adult w/c, measure from the seat of the chair to the axilla, then subtract 4 inches
Patient must be measured sitting on cushion if cushion will be used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Wheelchair Arm Rest Height Measurements:

A

From the seat of the chair to the olecranon process with the patient’s elbow flexed at 90 degrees, then add 1 inch
Patient must be measured sitting on cushion of cushion will be used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Purpose of Cushions for Wheelchairs:

A
  • Improve pelvic position
  • Relieves pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

ICF Model: Body Functions:

A

The physiological functions of body systems (including psychological functions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

ICF Model: Body Structures:

A

Anatomical parts of the body such as organs, limbs, and their components

39
Q

ICF Model: Activity:

A

The execution of a task or action by an individual

40
Q

ICF Model: Participation:

A

Involvement in a life situation

41
Q

ICF Model: Environmental Factors:

A

The physical, social, and attitudinal environment in which people live and conduct their lives. These are either barriers to or facilitators of the person’s functioning

42
Q

ICF Model: Personal Factors:

A

Demographic information about the patient. Attributes that are static at the time of impairment

43
Q

Define Disability

A

A person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activity

44
Q

Physical/Mental Impairment:

A

Any physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomic loss affecting one or more of the body systems

45
Q

Reasonable Accommodation:

A

Making modifications at the job site/workplace that enable a person with disabilities to easily perform a specific job

46
Q

Undue Burden:

A

An action necessary to provide reasonable accommodations that would cause the employer/owner significant difficulty or expense

47
Q

Qualified Individual with a Disability:

A

A person who can perform the essential functions of a given job/activity with/without the benefit of reasonable accommodations

48
Q

ADA: Ramps:

A

Width: 36” Minimum
Rise: For every 1” of rise, you need 12” or 1’ of run
Length: Ramps can be up to 30’ long before a flat area is needed

49
Q

ADA: Wheelchair Passage Width:

A
  • 48” is the minimum width needed for an ambulatory person to pass a non-ambulatory/semi-ambulatory person
  • 60” is the minimum width needed for two ambulatory/semi-ambulatory people to pass
50
Q

ADA: Landings:

A

Ramps shall have level landings at bottom and top of each ramp and each ramp run
- The landing shall be at least as wide as the ramp leading up to it
- The landing length shall be a minimum of 5 feet in length

51
Q

ADA: Turns:

A
  • If ramps change direction at landings, the minimum landing size shall be 5x5 feet
  • Right and left hand turns need a 5x5 foot landing
  • U-turns require a 5 ft by twice the ramp width landing
52
Q

ADA: Handrails:

A
  • If a ramp run has a rise greater than 6” then it shall have handrails
  • Handrails should be 34-38” in height
53
Q

ADA: Edge Protection:

A

Ramps and landings with drop-offs shall have curbs, walls, railings, or projecting surfaces that prevent people from slipping off the ramp. Curbs shall be a minimum of 2” high

54
Q

ADA: Door Width:

A

Minimum: 32”
Preferred: 36”

55
Q

ADA: Safety/Grab Bars:

A

24-30” long, height and position according to the patient’s needs
- Grab bars MUST be attached to floor, wall stud, or reinforced underlay

56
Q

Ascending Stairs:

A
  • Up with the good
  • Strong side next to the railing (if possible)
  • Advance strong LE to the next step
  • Advance assistive device to the next step
  • Advance injured LE to the next step (or may move with assistive device)
57
Q

Descending Stairs:

A
  • Down with the bad
  • Strong side next to the railing (if possible)
  • Advance assistive device to the next step
  • Advance injured LE to the next step
  • Advance strong LE to the next step
58
Q

Fitting a Cane:

A
  • Greater trochanter or ulnar styloid and angle at the elbow
  • Assess the height of the cane/walker according to patient comfort and effective function; watch them use it
59
Q

Fitting Axillary Crutches:

A
  • 2” below axilla (can use 2-3 fingers)
  • 2” lateral and 4-6” anterior to foot
  • Hand position should allow 20-25 degrees of elbow flexion
60
Q

Fitting Forearm Crutches:

A
  • 2” lateral and 4-6 inches anterior to foot
  • Hand position should allow 20-25 degrees of elbow flexion
  • Cuff placement should be in the proximal third of the forearm approximately 1-1.5” below the elbow
61
Q

Parallel Bars:

A
  • Parallel bars provide maximum stability, security, and safety
  • Allow the patient to work on pre-ambulation and balance activities
  • Initial instruction in a gait pattern might begin in the parallel bars
62
Q

Health Condition:

A

Pathology, disorder, disease, injury, trauma or congenital anomaly. Usually diagnosed by a physician

63
Q

Physical Therapy Diagnosis:

A

Takes the medical (health) condition/pathology and puts it in the framework of the ICF model to define how it effects the person’s function and how the condition causes disability

64
Q

Activity Limitations:

A

Difficulties an individual may have in performing actions, tasks, and “usual activities”

65
Q

Participation Restrictions:

A

Problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations

66
Q

Differential Diagnosis:

A

A systematic process to classify an individual into a diagnostic category

67
Q

Acute Care Setting - Hospital:

A
  • Inpatient services to clients with unstable medical conditions
  • 24 hour/day highly skilled medical services from physicians, nursing, and health professionals
  • EX: Community hospitals, large medical centers, level 1 trauma centers, and specialty hospitals
  • PT is valuable in reducing hospital length of stay and preventing patient readmission
68
Q

Inpatient Rehab Facility (IRF)/Acute Rehab Facility (ARF):

A
  • Inpatient care to residents that are relatively medically stable
  • 24 hour nursing care, a minimum of weekly physician visits, and must be able to participate in at least 3 hours, 5 days per week of skilled therapy, at least 2 therapy services required
  • Average LOS = 13.1 days
69
Q

Long Term Acute Care Hospital (LTACH):

A
  • Requires very close medical supervision (slightly less than hospital as patient is considered stable)
  • Can receive therapy services, but likely limited in time
70
Q

Sub Acute/Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNF):

A
  • Inpatient care with 24 hour nursing supervision
  • Must be able to tolerate at least 1 hour of skilled physical rehabilitation per day up to 2.5 hours
  • Patients typically stay longer than 2 weeks
71
Q

Assisted Living with Respite Care and Home Health Services:

A
  • Private pay for temporary stay in assisted living facility
  • Respite care - a short period of relief from something difficult or unpleasant
72
Q

Home Health Care (HH):

A
  • Services including skilled nursing and rehabilitation
  • Delivered in the home setting
  • Patients must be home bound
73
Q

Long Term Care Facilities (LTC):

A
  • Varying levels of supervised living arrangements (RN/LPN)
  • Clients are unable to safely manage independent living
74
Q

Integ System - Function:

A
  • Temperature regulation
  • Protection
  • Sensation
  • Excretion
  • Immunity
  • Blood reservoir
  • Vitamin D synthesis
75
Q

Burns - Superficial:

A
  • Epidermis only, no blisters
  • Red, Painful
76
Q

Burns - Superficial Partial Thickness:

A
  • Epidermis and superficial dermis
  • Blisters, red, painful
77
Q

Burns - Deep Partial Thickness:

A
  • Majority dermis
  • Hair follicles/sweat glands intact
78
Q

Burns - Full Thickness:

A
  • Subcutaneous fat layer
  • Minimal pain
  • Susceptible to infection
  • Increased depth = decreasing pain
79
Q

Burns - Subdermal:

A
  • Muscle, bone, adipose tissue injury
  • Insensate
80
Q

Cardiopulm Care- Core Vital Signs:

A
  • Heart rate
  • Respiratory rate
  • Blood pressure
  • Edema
81
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension:

A
  • Significant drop in BP due to pooling of blood in peripheral vessels
  • An important part of fall risk assessments
82
Q

Assessing Orthostatic Hypotension:

A
  • SBP decrease of 20 mm Hg or more
  • DBP decrease of 10 mm Hg or more
  • HR increase of 10 bpm or more
83
Q

Sternotomy Precautions:

A
  • No lifiting over 10 pounds
  • No pushing/pulling with arms
  • No shoulder flexion over 90 degrees
  • No shoulder horizontal abduction
  • Heart hugger vest for cough (pillow for splinting)
84
Q

Posterior Hip Precautions:

A
  • No hip flexion greater than 90 degrees
  • No hip adduction past midline
  • No hip internal rotation
85
Q

Anterior Hip Precautions:

A
  • No hip extension past neutral
  • No active hip abduction
  • No hip external rotation past neutral
86
Q

Total Knee Precautions:

A
  • No twisting of LE in weight bearing position
  • No sitting with legs crossed
  • Avoid low soft chairs
  • Do not forcefully bend operated knee
  • Do not kneel on operated knee
  • Use of walker (days/weeks/as needed)
87
Q

Shoulder Precautions:

A
  • NWB and immobilized constantly unless receiving PROM
  • Surgeon prescribed PROM of shoulder
  • No abduction or extension past neutral
  • AROM elbow, wrist, hand
88
Q

Amputation Management:

A
  • Positioning and compression for edema control
  • Positioning to avoid contractures (avoid hip and knee flexion positioning)
  • Benefits of early ROM, strength, mobility training
  • Discussion of pain management, phantom pain
89
Q

Spinal Precautions:

A
  • No twisting of the spine
  • No bending of the spine
  • No exercises/ lifting that will increase intra-abdominal pressure extensively
90
Q

National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS):

A
  • 0-42 scale
    Very Severe: >25
    Severe: 15-24
    Mild/Moderately Severe: 5-14
    Mild: 1-5
91
Q

White Blood Cells:

A

Adult: 5,00-10,000
Critical: ,2,500 or >30,000

92
Q

Hemoglobin:

A

Male: 14-18
Female: 12-16
Critical: <5 or >20

93
Q

Hematocrit:

A

Male: 42-52%
Female: 12-16%
Critical <15% or >60%