Anatomy 2

Question 1

Ventral Root:

Answer 1

• Sends motor signals to the skeletal muscles
• Cell bodies for lower motor neurons are in the ventral horn of the spinal cord

Question 2

Dorsal Root:

Answer 2

• Responsible for sensory processing
• Cell bodies are right outside the spinal cord, termed dorsal root ganglia

Question 3

Lateral Horn:

Answer 3

• The lateral horn is only found in the thoracic and lumbar regions
• The central component of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, thoracolumbar, and sympathetic ganglionic chain

Question 4

Reflex Arcs:

Answer 4

Bypass the CNS, sensory neuron is mediated by an interneuron to send the signal directly into either a skeletal or visceral motor neuron

Question 5

Somatic Nervous System:

Answer 5

• Voluntary skeletal muscle
• Cell bodies of motor neurons reside in CNS (brain or ventral cord of the spinal cord)
• Their axons (sheathed in spinal nerves) extend all the way to their skeletal muscles (Ach)

Question 6

Autonomic Nervous System:

Answer 6

• Involuntary control
• Control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions, such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal
• Divides into two further branches, sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 7

Horners Syndrome:

Answer 7

• A combination of signs and symptoms caused by the disruption of sympathetic nerve pathways to the face and eye on one side of the body
• Results in a decreased pupil size, a drooping eyelid and decreased sweating on the affected side of your face

Question 8

Raynauds

Answer 8

• Smaller arteries that supply blood to the skin constrict excessively in response to cold, limiting blood supply to the affected area

Question 9

Aortic Arch - Brachiocephalic Trunk:

Answer 9

• Right Subclavian
• Right Common Carotid

Question 10

Intercalated Discs:

Answer 10

A specialized feature of cardiac muscle cells and they help to transmit electrical signals to keep an appropriate heart rhythm

Question 11

Purkinje Fibers:

Answer 11

Help with the rapid spread of signal through the ventricles

Question 12

Bronchioles:

Answer 12

Small divisions of the lungs, terminate into alveolar sacs

Question 13

Alveolar Sacs:

Answer 13

• Site of gas exchange in the lungs

Question 14

Diaphragm Function and Innervation:

Answer 14

• Phrenic Nerve (C 3,4,5)
• When contracting, the diaphragm pushes down, creates more volume in the thoracic cavity which allows air to move into the lungs