Foundations in Immunology Flashcards
What cells are involved in innate immunity?
MAcrophages
Neutrophils
What cells are involved in adaptive immunity?
Lymphocytes
What are the 3 sectors of the immune system?
- Physical Barriers
- Phagocytic Cells
- Soluble factors
What physical barriers are part of the innate immune system?
- Tight junctions between epithelia
- Mucous Membranes
What occurs to neutrophils after phagocytosing?
They DIE!
What are the primary lympoid organs?
- Thymus
- Bone marrow
- Foetal Liver
Whats the function of primary lymphoid organs?
Producing & maturing lymphocytes
Whats the function of secondary lymphoid tissues?
Maintaining lymphocytes
Filtering lymph
Initiating immune responses
Where are some secondary lymphoid tissues?
- Lymph Nodes
- Spleen
What are the fundamental properties of the adaptive immune system?
- Specificity
- Diversity
- Memory
- Recruitment of other defence mechanisms
What do B cells differnetiatie to?
PLasma cells
What do palsma cells do?
Synthesise antibodies
What part of an antibody binds to the antigen?
Antibody paratope binds to antigen epitope
What are antigens?
Proteins able to evoke an immune response by reactin with immune products
How many serum proteins make yp the complement sustem?
25
What happens to serum proteins in the complement system?
The 25 serum proteins are activated & assembled into function units
What 3 things can complement proteins do?
Recruit inflammatory cells
Pathogen opsonisation
Lysis
What non-specific humoral factors are involved in the innate immune system?
- complement proteins
- lysins
- growth inhibitors
- enzyme inhibitors
What are the 3 different activation pathways of the complement system?
- Classical
- Lectin
- Alternative
Which complement pathway links the inante & adaptive immune system?
The classical
What complement proteins are chemoattractants?
C3a & C5a
What do complement proteins form to attack pathogens?
MAC
Membrane attack complexes
What are natural killer cells?
Simlilar to lymphocytes & phagocytes
How do NK cells kill?
- Secrete perforin then form a MAC to drill holes into the cell. Then secrete enzymes.
- Use Fas protein to sinal the cell to commit suicide
How do B cells reconise antigens?
Via BCR which is surface IgM
How do T cells recognise antigens?
T cells need to be shown the protein antigen associated with MHC
Whats differnet amount a secondary immune resonse to a primary?
- LArger
- Faster
- Qualitively different.
What do B cells need to produce antibodys?
- Kill & present antigens
- Then interact with a T cell recogniszing those antigens
what part of an antigen do B cells detect/bind to?
Epitopes
