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Science For Medicine BenJ > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Average circulating volume of blood?

A

5L

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2
Q

How much blood circulates where?

A

1L in the lungs
1L in the heart/arterial circulation
3L in the venous circulation

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3
Q

Main 6 functions of blood?

A
  • Carrying compounds
  • Clotting
  • O2/CO2 carriage
  • Defence
  • Thermoregulation
  • Maintaining ECF pH
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4
Q

What kind of compounds does blood cary?

A
  • Hormones
  • Enzymes
  • Nutrients
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5
Q

How much of plsama is water?

A

~95%

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6
Q

What are the 3 groups of plasma proteins?

A
  • Albumin
  • Globulins
  • Clottin factors
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7
Q

What does albumin do?

A
  • Binds to drugs
  • Transports lipids/steroid hormones
  • Adds to coloid oncotic pressure
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8
Q

What are the main types of globulins int he blood?

A

alpha/beta

gamma

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9
Q

What do alpha/beta globulins in blood do?

A

Transport Lipids & vitamins

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10
Q

What do gamma globulins in blood do?

A

Theyre antibodies

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11
Q

What is oncotic pressure?

A

The osmotic pressure produced by uneven concs of plasma proteins.
Pulls water from the ISF to the plasma

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12
Q

Whats the most abundent blood cell?

A

Red Blood Cell

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13
Q

Life span of an RBC?

A

120 days

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14
Q

tructure of a RBC?

A
  • Non-nucleated
  • Bi-concave
  • Highly flexible
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15
Q

What protein controls erythropeiosis?

A

Erythropoietin

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16
Q

Where is erythropoietin made?

A

The kidneys & liver

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17
Q

When would eryhtropioetin secretion be increased?

A

When Oxygen supply to kidneys is reduced.

E.g. anaemia, hypoxia, haemorrhage, lung disease

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18
Q

Name the 5 main white blood cells?

A 
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
19
Q

Which is the most common WBC?

A

Neutrophils

20
Q

Whats the half-life of neutrophils?

A

Around 6 hours

21
Q

What do neutrophils do?

A

Phagocytose in bacterial infection.

Heavy involvement in acute inflammation

22
Q

What do eosinophils do?

A

Attack pathogens too large for other leukocytes

E.g. Parasites

23
Q

When do eosinophils rapidly increasE?

A

Allergyic reactions

Type 1 hypersensitivitY

24
Q

What do basophils do?

A

Release histamine/heparin to promote inflammation

25
Q

Which is the least common leukocyte?

26
Q

Which is the largest leukocyte?

27
Q

How long do monocytes last in circulation?

A

About 72 hours

28
Q

What do monocytes do?

A

Migrate to tissue & mature into macrophages

29
Q

How many WBCs are lymphocytes?

30
Q

What controls leukopoiesis?

A

Cytokines

Including interleukins & growth factors

31
Q

What are interleukins?

A

Glycoproteins produced by leukocytes for immune sytem regulation

32
Q

Where are leukopioesis regulating cytokine made?

A
  • Endothelial Cells
  • Mature WBCs
  • Fibroblasts
33
Q

What does it meant ot say the cytokine cocktail is dynamic?

A

Changes its composition to suit what cell type is needed at that moment

34
Q

What are platelets?

A

Membrane bound fragments of megakaryocytes

35
Q

What governs paltelet formation?

A

Thrombopoietin

36
Q

What do platelets do?

A

Adhere to capillary walls & exposed conective tissue to repair & mediate clotting

37
Q

What is the percentage of the blood made from RBCs?

A

The haematocrit

38
Q

What is a normal haematocrit?

A 
Women = 37-47%
Men = 40-54%
39
Q

Explain one factor that can affect the normal haematocrit?

A

High altitude living increases haematocrit

40
Q

What does blood viscosity mean?

A

Thickes of blood compared to water

41
Q

What sthe viscosity of plasma?

A

1.8x water

42
Q

Whats the viscosity of whole blood?

A

3-4x thicker than water

43
Q

What 3 things affect blood viscosity?

A
  • Haematocrit
  • Temperature
  • Flow rate

Science For Medicine BenJ (35 decks)

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