Foundational Theories

Question 1

Describe Hildegard Peplau (1909-1999)

Answer 1

-interpersonal relations theory
-known as the “mother of psychiatric nursing”
-challenged nurses to form a relationship within 4 phases
-wanted the patient to achieve independence

Question 2

Describe Virginia Henderson (1897-1996)

Answer 2

-created the 1st definition of nursing
-assist the patient in activities that contribute to health, recovery or a peaceful death
-need for autonomy of nurses

Question 3

Describe Betty Neuman (1924-present)

Answer 3

-based on the philosophy that each human is a total person as a client system and is a layered multidimensional being
-identified environmental stressors

Question 4

Describe Sister Callista Roy (1939-present)

Answer 4

-a person is a biopsychosocial being
-4 modes of adaptation
-goal of nursing is to facilitate adaptation
-each client/patient had a unique set of response patterns
-was named a living legend in 2007

Question 5

Describe Jean Watson

Answer 5

-10 Carative factors
-a person is made up of mind/body and spirit
-transpersonal self
-person>nature>universe=oneness

Question 6

Describe Moyra Allen (1921-1996)

Answer 6

-Canadian nurse
-earned doctoral degree
-criteria for accreditation of nursing school
-collective bargaining rights for nurses
-developed an evaluation tool for nursing schools
-health promotion

Question 7

Define concept

Answer 7

an idea that we conceive in our minds to represent the world around us

-can change over time
-a building block of theory
-a vehicle of thought

Question 8

Define theory

Answer 8

a purposeful set of assumptions or propositions about concepts

Question 9

Define phenomenon

Answer 9

what we are interested in understanding

“an aspect of reality that can be sensed or experienced”

Question 10

Define nursing practice theory

Answer 10

based on specific nursing situations with the focus on interventions

Question 11

Define nursing theory

Answer 11

organize knowledge about nursing to enable nurses to use it in a professional and accountable manner

Question 12

Define metaparadigm

Answer 12

the way a professional discipline looks at the world– the primary concepts are described by the metaparadigm

Question 13

Define paradigm

Answer 13

-more broad than a metaparadigm
-patterns or systems of beliefs about science within and across disciplines
-a logical explanation among concepts within an actual world view

Question 14

What are the foundational theories in nursing?

Answer 14

1) Grand– global
2) Mid-range– more specific
3) Descriptive– describes aspects of care
4) Prescriptive– addresses interventions