Final Exam Flashcards
What does MOWS stand for?
Medication order writing standards– defines a complete medication order and lists banned abbreviations, acronyms and symbols adapted from the Institute for Safe Medication Practices
What is subjective data?
-based on personal interpretation from the client
-client description of symptoms and relevant information the client shares with you
What is objective data?
-factual
-signs
-measurements
-what you can see, hear, touch, smell
-client behaviour
What are the types of charting?
-narrative charting
-SOAP
-DARP
Describe narrative charting
-sets the scene of the events in paragraph form
-objective information– assessment data
-subjective information– what the client states
-intervention– what did you do?
-outcomes– what happened when you did it/ the client’s response
What does SOAP stand for?
S- subjective
O-objective
A-assessment
P-plan of care
I-intervention
E- evaluation of care
What does DARP stand for?
D- data– objective and subjective
A- action– intervention
R- response/reaction– the clients response to your intervention
P- plan– what is your plan
What should be included in a discharge note?
-client’s status at admission and discharge
-significant information about the client’s stay at the facility including:
-resolved and unresolved issues/problems
-referrals for follow-up continuing care
-client teaching and directions provided
Information in the discharge summary
-information provided to the patient or receiving facility
-a concise description of any follow up needed
-resources
-actual time of discharge
-mode of transportation
-who accompanied the client out of the facility
-a copy of this is kept with the discharge note
What is the medical approach to health?
-people believed health problems could be solved by medical intervention
-national health insurance helped to remove financial barriers to medical care
-believed that all health problems were related to physiological risk factors
What is the behavioural approach to health?
-1974– a shift from a medical to a behavioural approach
-this report broadly defined first 4 determinants of health– lifestyle, environment, human biology and organization of health care
-Lalonde report
What was the Lalonde report?
-1970s, about the health of Canadians
-emphasis was on the individual being accountable for their own health
-all levels of government should be involved in health promotion strategies such as education and social marketing
-this began the population health approach
What is the socio-environmental approach to health?
-mid 1980s
-Lalonde report was criticized for victim blaming and assuming that people had control over their environment
-poverty, poor environments such as pollution, etc.
-society as a whole was deemed responsible for the health of its members
Describe the Epp Report (1986)
Identified 3 major health challenges:
1) reduce inequities
2) increase prevention
3) enhancing coping mechanisms
-health is seen as more than just a absence of disease
Describe the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion World Health Organization (1986) and what they identified
-identified prerequisites for health: peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable environment, sustainable resources, social justice, equity and empowerment
-the Charter identified five strategies to promote health: build healthy public policy, create supportive environments, strengthen community action, develop personal skills and re-orientate health services
What is health promotion?
-the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health
-an action that takes place where people live, work, play and love– in communities
Define disease prevention
-actions to stop the development of disease or to detect and treat a disease as early as possible when it does occur
What are the three levels of disease prevention
-primary– protect against disease before signs and symptoms occur
-secondary– activities to promote early detection
-tertiary– convalescence stage, helping people live with limitations and minimize debility
Define primary care
-the first contact of a client with a health care service that leads to a decision regarding a plan of action to resolve an actual or potential health problems
ex. persistent productive cough and fall with a possible fracture
Describe population health
-improving the determinants of health from the perspective of a nation
-improves the health needs of a community as a whole, with some initiatives focusing on special needs populations
-a focus on partnerships
-involves community participation
-a population health approach maximizes its potential by directing efforts to the root cause of health and illness
What are downstream initiatives?
-directed at individual’s and carried out through personal health services
-primarily focused at modifiable common risk factors for chronic disease
-ex. smoking cessation, healthy eating habits, etc.
What are upstream initiatives?
-taking on health problems that are the root causes of many of today’s health problems upstream before they become health problems
-prevention, health promotion, action on determinants of health
Who is the current Federal Minister of Health?
Jean-Yves Duclos– responsible for maintaining and improving the health of Canadians
What are the 5 levels of healthcare?
1) health promotion– enable people to improve their health
2) disease and injury prevention– services to reduce risk
3) diagnosis and treatment– treatment for existing issues
4) rehabilitation– restoration to their fullest ability
5) supportive care– services for those that are unable to function independently
