Foundation of Electrical Stimulation Flashcards
Is used to diagnose disease by interpreting the response of nerves and muscles to electrical stimulation
Electroneuromyography (ENMG)
Is stimulating denervated muscle to maintain muscle viability.
Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS)
Is stimulation of innervated muscle to restore muscle.
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES)
Activates muscles w/ e-stim to perform functional activities (Pacemakers)
Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)
Is the opposition to current flow.
Impedance
The ability to store electric field and oppose change in current flow.
Capacitance
Charge
+ -
Voltage
Driving force.
High water decreases _______ and improves ______.
Impedance, Conductance
Poor Conductors
Bone, Fat, Tendons, Fascia, Low Water Content
Muscle has ______ water content.
High
________ takes the path of least resistance.
Current
Ionic flow occurs because of the law?
Like charges repel, unlike charges attract.
Positive Ions
Cations
Negative Ions
Anions
3 Criteria for Depolarization
Strong Enough, Fast Enough, Long Enough
Cathode
Depolarization
Anode
Hyperpolarization
_______ is the most commonly used current and safest.
Pulsatile
A visual representation of the pulse.
Waveform
A finite series of pulses grouped together and delivered to the body as a single charge.
Burst
No nerve fiber activation. No sensory awareness.
Subsensory
Nonnoxious paresthesias, tingling, prickling, pins & needles.
Sensory
Strong paresthesias, muscle contraction.
Motor
Strong, uncomfortable paresthesias, strong muscle contraction, sharp or burning pain sensation.
Noxious
Is the response of the body to any electrical exposure that places the person within the circuit.
Electrical Shock
Is varying one or more of the electrical parameters over time while delivering the stimulus. Prevents adaptation to the current.
Modulation
Is an increase in amplitude over time.
Ramp Up
Is a decrease in amplitude over time.
Ramp Down
Is the percentage of time that the current is actually on.
Duty Cycle
Is the period of time the current is delivered to the patient.
On Time
Is the period of time current flow stops.
Off Time
_______ decreases as frequency increases.
Impedance
Is the amount of current delivered to the tissue per second.
Total Current (Average Current)
________ is the amount of electrical energy delivered to the tissue with each phase of each pulse.
Phase Charge
Produces a current that does not vary. Same current output regardless of changes in resistance.
Constant Current
Produces voltage that does not vary. Output increases/decreases depending on changes in resistance.
Constant Voltage
