Foundation of Electrical Stimulation

Question 1

Is used to diagnose disease by interpreting the response of nerves and muscles to electrical stimulation

Answer 1

Electroneuromyography (ENMG)

Question 2

Is stimulating denervated muscle to maintain muscle viability.

Answer 2

Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS)

Question 3

Is stimulation of innervated muscle to restore muscle.

Answer 3

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES)

Question 4

Activates muscles w/ e-stim to perform functional activities (Pacemakers)

Answer 4

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)

Question 5

Is the opposition to current flow.

Answer 5

Impedance

Question 6

The ability to store electric field and oppose change in current flow.

Answer 6

Capacitance

Question 7

Charge

Answer 7

+ -

Question 8

Voltage

Answer 8

Driving force.

Question 9

High water decreases _______ and improves ______.

Answer 9

Impedance, Conductance

Question 10

Poor Conductors

Answer 10

Bone, Fat, Tendons, Fascia, Low Water Content

Question 11

Muscle has ______ water content.

Answer 11

High

Question 12

________ takes the path of least resistance.

Answer 12

Current

Question 13

Ionic flow occurs because of the law?

Answer 13

Like charges repel, unlike charges attract.

Question 14

Positive Ions

Answer 14

Cations

Question 15

Negative Ions

Answer 15

Anions

Question 16

3 Criteria for Depolarization

Answer 16

Strong Enough, Fast Enough, Long Enough

Question 17

Cathode

Answer 17

Depolarization

Question 18

Anode

Answer 18

Hyperpolarization

Question 19

_______ is the most commonly used current and safest.

Answer 19

Pulsatile

Question 20

A visual representation of the pulse.

Answer 20

Waveform

Question 21

A finite series of pulses grouped together and delivered to the body as a single charge.

Answer 21

Burst

Question 22

No nerve fiber activation. No sensory awareness.

Answer 22

Subsensory

Question 23

Nonnoxious paresthesias, tingling, prickling, pins & needles.

Answer 23

Sensory

Question 24

Strong paresthesias, muscle contraction.

Answer 24

Motor

Question 25

Strong, uncomfortable paresthesias, strong muscle contraction, sharp or burning pain sensation.

Answer 25

Noxious

Question 26

Is the response of the body to any electrical exposure that places the person within the circuit.

Answer 26

Electrical Shock

Question 27

Is varying one or more of the electrical parameters over time while delivering the stimulus. Prevents adaptation to the current.

Answer 27

Modulation

Question 28

Is an increase in amplitude over time.

Answer 28

Ramp Up

Question 29

Is a decrease in amplitude over time.

Answer 29

Ramp Down

Question 30

Is the percentage of time that the current is actually on.

Answer 30

Duty Cycle

Question 31

Is the period of time the current is delivered to the patient.

Answer 31

On Time

Question 32

Is the period of time current flow stops.

Answer 32

Off Time

Question 33

_______ decreases as frequency increases.

Answer 33

Impedance

Question 34

Is the amount of current delivered to the tissue per second.

Answer 34

Total Current (Average Current)

Question 35

________ is the amount of electrical energy delivered to the tissue with each phase of each pulse.

Answer 35

Phase Charge

Question 36

Produces a current that does not vary. Same current output regardless of changes in resistance.

Answer 36

Constant Current

Question 37

Produces voltage that does not vary. Output increases/decreases depending on changes in resistance.

Answer 37

Constant Voltage