Foundation Course 8 B Flashcards
I would ask you
Yo te / le preguntaría
I would ask you later
Yo te / le preguntaría más tarde
I’m going to ask you later
voy a preguntarle más tarde
I’m going to call you later
voy a llamarle más tarde
I will call you later
le llamaré más tarde
for / to
(placed in front of a verb, implying ‘in order to’)
para
with us
con nosotros
I will call you later to ask you if you can come (and) see it with us
le llamaré más tarde para preguntarle si puede venir a verlo con nosotros
at what time do we arrive tomorrow?
¿a qué hora llegamos mañana?
I’ve just
( i’ve just eaten an AvaCABO , it was DElicious )
Acabo de
I’ve just left
acabo de salir
(acabo de is always followed by the infinitive)
(he / she / it) has just
acaba de
he’s just left
acaba de salir
ten minutes ago
(it makes ten minutes)
hace diez minutos
she just left ten minutes ago
acaba de salir hace diez minutos
I’ve just seen it
acabo de verlo
I just arrived here two days ago
acabo de llegar aquí hace dos días
two weeks ago
hace dos semanas
I just arrived here two weeks ago
acabo de llegar aquí hace dos semanas
to wait / to await / to hope / to expect
esperar
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
I want to find out
Quiero informarme
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( I want to inform myself )
I want to find out where it is
Quiero informarme dónde está
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( I want to inform myself where it is )
Indicative Present Tense
I wait / I hope / I expect
Indicative Present Continuous Tense
I am waiting / I am hoping / I am expecting
( Yo ) espero
Estoy esperando
—— Prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
—— Grammer ——
The Indicative Present
The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, “espero”, meaning “I wait”. In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as “El Presente”.
Indicative Present Continuous ( ing) Tense
The Indicative Present Continuous is used to talk about something that is happening continuously or right now. For example, “estoy esperando”, meaning “I am waiting”.
This is formed by using the present tense form of to be and the present participle of the verb.
He waits / He hopes / He expects
He is waiting / He is hoping /
He is expecting
using both present AND indicative present continuous tense ( ing tense )
El espera
El esta esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
Wait !
Espere !
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
Why does she wait ?
Why is she waiting ?
Por qué ella espera ?
Por que ella esta esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
using both present AND indicative present continuous tense ( ing tense )
Why doesn’t he wait ?
Why isn’t he waiting ?
using both present AND indicative present continuous tense ( ing tense )
Por qué no el espera ?
Por que no el esta esperando ?
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
I wait for you
I am waiting for you
Te / Le espero
Te / Le estoy esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
(never use para usted)
I wait for you ( to a friend )
I’m waiting for you ( to a friend )
Te espero
Te estoy esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
Present continuous tense ( ing tense ) is formed by using the present tense form of to be and the present participle of the verb. The present continuous is generally used to describe something that is taking place at the present moment
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
He waits for you
He’s waiting for you
El te espera
El te esta esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
He hopes
He’s hoping
El espera
El esta esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
They wait for me
They’re waiting for me
Me esperan
Me están esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
Why do they wait ?
Why are they waiting ?
Por qué esperan ?
Por que están esperando ?
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
Present continuous tense ( ing tense ) is formed by using the present tense form of to be and the present participle of the verb. The present continuous is generally used to describe something that is taking place at the present moment
Why do you wait for me ?
Why are you waiting for me ?
(to a friend)
Por qué me esperas ?
Por qué me estás esperando ?
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
We wait ( or we hope or we expect )
We’re waiting
We are waiting for you
Esperamos
Estamos esperando
Te estamos esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
Why doesn’t he wait for me?
Why isn’t he waiting for me?
¿por qué el no me espera?
¿Por qué el no me está esperando?
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
—— Grammer ——
The Indicative Present
The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, “espero”, meaning “I wait”. In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as “El Presente”.
Indicative Present Continuous ( ing) Tense
The Indicative Present Continuous is used to talk about something that is happening continuously or right now. For example, “estoy esperando”, meaning “I am waiting”.
This is formed by using the present tense form of to be and the present participle of the verb.
Imperative / Command Tense
Wait a second!
(a moment)
Espere momentito
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
wait for me here
espéreme aquí
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
Indicative Present Tense
We wait for you
Indicative Present Continuous Tense
We’re waiting for you
le esperamos
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
Shall we wait for you ?
Are we waiting for you ?
Te / Le esperamos ?
Te / Le estamos esperando ?
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
We wait
We’re waiting
Esperamos
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to )
Let’s wait here
(switch tracks to the imperative)
Esperemos aquí
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
We’re buying it
We buy it
Lo estamos comprando
Lo compramos
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
Present continuous tense ( ing tense ) is formed by using the present tense form of to be and the present participle of the verb. The present continuous is generally used to describe something that is taking place at the present moment
we’re not buying it
using both present AND indicative present continuous tense ( ing tense )
This is formed by the present tense form of be and the present participle of a verb. The present continuous is generally used to describe something that is taking place at the present moment
no lo compramos
No lo estamos comprando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
let’s not buy it
no lo compremos
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
we’re selling it
using both present AND indicative present continuous tense ( ing tense )
This is formed by the present tense form of be and the present participle of a verb. The present continuous is generally used to describe something that is taking place at the present moment
lo vendemos
Lo estamos vendiendo
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
let’s sell the house
vendamos la casa
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( vender : vending machines sell stuff )
don’t wait for me
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
no me espere
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
Wait for me!
Espéreme !
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
I have waited
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
he esperado
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
I have left
he salido
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
I’m waiting
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
(right now)
estoy esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
I’m waiting for you
using both present AND indicative present continuous tense ( ing tense )
This is formed by the present tense form of be and the present participle of a verb. The present continuous is generally used to describe something that is taking place at the present moment
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
le espero
Te estoy esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
I’m waiting for you
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
(right now)
le estoy esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
I do it / I make it
I’m doing it / I’m making it ( present continuous tense )
Lo hago
Lo estoy haciendo
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
Present continuous tense ( ing tense ) is formed by using the present tense form of to be and the present participle of the verb. The present continuous is generally used to describe something that is taking place at the present moment
I do it
I’m doing it
Lo hago
Lo estoy haciendo
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
Present continuous tense ( ing tense ) is formed by using the present tense form of to be and the present participle of the verb. The present continuous is generally used to describe something that is taking place at the present moment
I was waiting
(wing-tense; imperfect past tense)
{can also mean a broken line: I used to wait / I waited all the time}
esperaba
(for ar verbs, add aba; applies for I/he/she/you)
I was speaking
Yo hablaba
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
I used to buy it
I was buying it
lo compraba
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
I was preparing it
I prepared it
( same phrase )
Yo lo preparaba
I was leaving
(wing-tense; imperfect past tense)
salía
(for er / ir verbs, add ía; applies for I/he/she/you)
I was eating
comía
I was doing it
lo hacía
IMPERFECT SIMPLE PAST TENSES
THESE ARE IMPERFECT SIMPLE PAST TENSES NOT COMPOUND OR PRETERITE SIMPLE PAST TENSES i will cover those later
there is also the compound past continuous tense using estar + gerund and the compound past perfect progressive tense using haber in the imperfect tense + past participle of estar + gerund i will cover those later
—————————
I was selling it
( imperfect past tense, or simply imperfect tense )
or
( imperfect progressive tense )
or
( continuous past tense )
or
( past progressive )
I used to sell it
( imperfect past tense, or simply imperfect tense )
( THE SAME PHRASE )
—————————
The imperfect is a verb form that combines past tense and imperfective aspect. It can have meanings similar to the English “was walking” or “used to walk”. It contrasts with preterite forms, which refer to a single completed event in the past.
Yo lo vendía
He was preparing it
El lo preparaba
you were preparing it
(to a friend)
lo preparabas
they were preparing it
lo preparaban
She was doing it
Ella lo hacía
you were doing it
(to a friend)
lo hacías
they were doing it
lo hacían
He was telling me
El me decía
I have not understood what you ( informal ) were saying
( two ways to say to understand )
no he entendido lo que decías
no he comprendido lo que decías
( more used is entender )
( other is comprender )
Spanish Imperfect Indicative Tense ( a PAST tense )
The Imperfect Indicative is a past tense. It is used to talk about ongoing past actions, habitual actions in the past, and lasting personal qualities or conditions.
THESE ARE ALL THE SAME PHRASE
He used to do it every day
or
He did it every day
or
He was doing it every day
( broken line wing tense )
El lo hacía todos los días
If I go backwards and prompts are needed
Spanish Imperfect Indicative Tense
The Imperfect Indicative is a past tense. It is used to talk about ongoing past actions, habitual actions in the past, and lasting personal qualities or conditions.
It is used when talking about what time it was in the past, moods/feelings/and emotions in the past, someone’s age in the past, etc. It is also used to talk about ongoing past actions, habitual actions in the past, and lasting personal qualities or conditions.
https://www.livelingua.com/grammar/imperfect-indicative#
It is done
(past participle can also be used after the transitional form of ‘to be’)
Está hecho
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
I have done it
lo he hecho
I have prepared it
lo he preparado
the dinner is prepared
la cena está preparada
(remember to match past participle to the preceding noun)
I have accepted the condition
he aceptado la condición
I have told you
le he dicho
you haven’t told me
no me ha dicho
why haven’t you told me?
¿por qué no me ha dicho?
seen
(an exception)
visto
view
vista
I have seen it
Yo lo he visto
I still haven’t seen it
Todavía no lo he visto
—— Prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
Put a clue about the view
To put ( IRREGULAR )
Imperative Affirmative Tense ( Command Tense )
Pronoun PUT it here !!! ( to you informal singular )
Pronoun PUT it here !!! ( to you formal singular )
Pronoun WE PUT !!! / LET’S PUT it here !!! ( to us plural )
Pronoun PUT it here !!! ( to you informal plural )
( bossing ed and other people around when he’s helping at a party )
Pronoun PUT it here !!! ( to you formal plural )
Poner
Imperative Affirmative Tense ( Command Tense )
Tu PON lo aquí !!!
Usted PONGA lo aquí !!!
Nosotros PONGAMOS lo aquí !!!
Vosotras PONED lo aquí !!!
Ustedes PONGAN lo aquí !!!
We have put it here ( very irregular )
( past participle of put I’d very irregular : we have put in english this in Spanish )
Lo hemos puesto aquí
To forget
Olvidar
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is easy to forget but OL smith is VIsibly DARing in his hobbies )
I won’t forget it
no lo olvidaré
sure / secure
seguro
I’m sure
( sure is same word as safe )
estoy seguro
we won’t forget it
no lo olvidaremos
I haven’t forgotten it
no lo he olvidado
To leave ( something behind )
( a message, a key on a table etc )
Dejar
( to leave something behind on a DEsk is really JARd )
message
( you can REC…ORD a message on an answer phone )
recado
I have left a message for you
he dejado un recado para usted
to spend / to pass (for time)
pasar
to pass the time
pasar el tiempo
we have spent much time
hemos pasado mucho tiempo
we haven’t spent much time
no hemos pasado mucho tiempo
