Foundation Course 8 A Flashcards
Infinitive
To wait / To await / To hope / To expect
Esperar
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )
The Indicative Present
Why doesn’t he wait ?
Por qué no el espera ?
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )
—— Grammer ——
The Indicative Present
The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, “espero”, meaning “I wait”. In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as “El Presente”.
Indicative Present Tense
We wait for you
Te / Le esperamos
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )
—— Grammer ——
The Indicative Present
The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, “espero”, meaning “I wait”. In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as “El Presente”.
Imperative / Command Tense
Wait !
Espere !
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
Indicative Present Tense
He hopes
El espera
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )
—— Grammer ——
The Indicative Present
The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, “espero”, meaning “I wait”. In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as “El Presente”.
Indicative Present Tense
They wait for me
Me esperan
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )
—— Grammer ——
The Indicative Present
The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, “espero”, meaning “I wait”. In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as “El Presente”.
Indicative Present Tense
I wait / I hope / I expect
( Yo ) espero
—— Prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )
—— Grammer ——
The Indicative Present
The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, “espero”, meaning “I wait”. In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as “El Presente”.
Indicative Present Tense
He waits for you
El te / le espera
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )
—— Grammer ——
The Indicative Present
The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, “espero”, meaning “I wait”. In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as “El Presente”.
Indicative Present Tense
We wait for you
( Nosotros ) te / le esperamos
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )
—— Grammer ——
The Indicative Present
The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, “espero”, meaning “I wait”. In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as “El Presente”.
Direct Object Pronouns
Us
Nos
Indicative Present Tense
I wait for you
Te / Le espero
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )
—— Grammer ——
The Indicative Present
The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, “espero”, meaning “I wait”. In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as “El Presente”.
(never use para usted)
Indicative Present Tense
Why do they wait ?
Por qué esperan ?
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )
—— Grammer ——
The Indicative Present
The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, “espero”, meaning “I wait”. In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as “El Presente”.
I want to find out
Quiero informarme
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( i want to inform myself )
I want to find out where it is
Quiero informarme dónde está
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( I want to inform myself where it is )
Indicative Present Tense
I wait / I await / I hope / I expect
( Yo ) espero
—— Prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )
—— Grammer ——
The Indicative Present
The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, “espero”, meaning “I wait”. In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as “El Presente”.
Indicative Present Tense
Why does she wait ?
Por qué ella espera ?
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )
—— Grammer ——
The Indicative Present
The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, “espero”, meaning “I wait”. In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as “El Presente”.
Imperative / Command Tense
Wait a second!
Espere momentito
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )
( wait a moment )
Indicative Present Tense
Why doesn’t he wait for me ?
Por qué el no me espera ?
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
—— Grammer ——
The Indicative Present
The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, “espero”, meaning “I wait”. In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as “El Presente”.
The Indicative Present
I wait for you / I await you / I hope you … / I expect you …
Te / Le espero
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )
—— Grammer ——
The Indicative Present
The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, “espero”, meaning “I wait”. In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as “El Presente”.
Indicative Present Tense
He waits / He hopes / He expects
El espera
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
The Indicative Present Tense
Why do you wait for me ?
Por qué me esperas ?
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
—— Grammer ——
The Indicative Present Tense
The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, “espero”, meaning “I wait”. In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as “El Presente”.
We wait ( or we hope or we expect )
Esperamos
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
wait for me here
espéreme aquí
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
Indicative Present Tense
Shall we wait for you ?
Te / Le esperamos ?
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
The Indicative Present Tense
We wait
Esperamos
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
The Indicative Present Tense
The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, “espero”, meaning “I wait”. In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as “El Presente”.
Let’s wait here
(switch tracks to the imperative)
Esperemos aquí
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
Indicative Present Tense
We buy it
Lo compramos
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
Indicative ( Simple ) Present Tense
We’re not buying it
No lo compramos
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
Imperative / Command Tense
Let’s not buy it
No lo compremos
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
Indicative Present Continuous Tense
We’re selling it
Lo estamos vendiendo
—— PROMPTS ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
—— GRAMMER ——
Indicative Present Continuous Tense
The Indicative Present Continuous is used to talk about something that is happening continuously or right now. For example, “estoy esperando”, meaning “I am waiting”.
This is formed by using the present tense form of to be and the present participle of the verb.
let’s sell the house
vendamos la casa
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( vender : vending machines sell stuff )
Indicative Present Tense
Don’t wait for me
No me esperes
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
—— Grammer ——
The Indicative Present
The Indicative Present is used to talk about situations, events or thoughts that are happening now or in the near future. It is also used to talk about facts and truths. For example, “espero”, meaning “I wait”. In Spanish, the Indicative Present is known as “El Presente”.
Wait for me!
Espéreme !
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
Compound Present Perfect Tense
I have waited
He esperado
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait or hope or expect )
I have left
he salido
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
Indicative Present Continuous Tense
I’m waiting
Estoy esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
Indicative Present Tense
I wait for you
Te / El espero
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is RAR-e and ESPE-cially nice to wait )
Indicative Present Continuous Tense
I’m waiting for you
(right now)
Te / Le estoy esperando
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
Indicative Present Tense
I do it / I make it
Lo hago
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
Indicative Present Tense
I do it
Lo hago
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
I was waiting
(wing-tense; imperfect past tense)
{can also mean a broken line: I used to wait / I waited all the time}
esperaba
(for ar verbs, add aba; applies for I/he/she/you)
I was speaking
Yo hablaba
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
I used to buy it
I was buying it
Yo lo compraba
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
I was preparing it
I prepared it
( same phrase )
Yo lo preparaba
I was leaving
(wing-tense; imperfect past tense)
salía
(for er / ir verbs, add ía; applies for I/he/she/you)
I was eating
comía
I was doing it
lo hacía
IMPERFECT SIMPLE PAST TENSES
THESE ARE IMPERFECT SIMPLE PAST TENSES NOT COMPOUND OR PRETERITE SIMPLE PAST TENSES i will cover those later
there is also the compound past continuous tense using estar + gerund and the compound past perfect progressive tense using haber in the imperfect tense + past participle of estar + gerund i will cover those later
—————————
I was selling it
( imperfect past tense, or simply imperfect tense )
or
( imperfect progressive tense )
or
( continuous past tense )
or
( past progressive )
I used to sell it
( imperfect past tense, or simply imperfect tense )
( THE SAME PHRASE )
—————————
The imperfect is a verb form that combines past tense and imperfective aspect. It can have meanings similar to the English “was walking” or “used to walk”. It contrasts with preterite forms, which refer to a single completed event in the past.
Yo lo vendía
He was preparing it
El lo preparaba
you were preparing it
(to a friend)
lo preparabas
The Indicative Imperfect Tense
They were preparing it
Lo preparaban
—— Grammer ——
The Indicative Imperfect Tense
As one of Spanish’s two simple past tenses, the imperfect indicative has a conjugation that is essential to learn. It is the verb form used most often to describe conditions as they existed in the past, to provide background to events, and to describe habitual actions.
She was doing it
Ella lo hacía
you were doing it
(to a friend)
lo hacías
they were doing it
lo hacían
He was telling me
El me decía
Compound Present Perfect Tense
I have not understood what you were saying
( two ways to express to understand )
No he entendido lo que decías
No he comprendido lo que decías
( entender , comprender )
Imperfect Indicative Tense
THESE ARE ALL THE SAME PHRASE
He used to do it every day
or
He did it every day
or
He was doing it every day
or
He was doing it
El lo hacía todos los días
El lo hacía
If I go backwards and prompts are needed
Spanish Imperfect Indicative Tense
The Imperfect Indicative is a past tense. It is used to talk about ongoing past actions, habitual actions in the past, and lasting personal qualities or conditions.
Spanish Imperfect Indicative Tense
The Imperfect Indicative is a past tense. It is used to talk about ongoing past actions, habitual actions in the past, and lasting personal qualities or conditions.
It is used when talking about what time it was in the past, moods/feelings/and emotions in the past, someone’s age in the past, etc. It is also used to talk about ongoing past actions, habitual actions in the past, and lasting personal qualities or conditions.
https://www.livelingua.com/grammar/imperfect-indicative#
It is done
(past participle can also be used after the transitional form of ‘to be’)
Está hecho
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
I have done it
lo he hecho
I have prepared it
lo he preparado
the dinner is prepared
la cena está preparada
(remember to match past participle to the preceding noun)
I have accepted the condition
he aceptado la condición
I have told you
le he dicho
you haven’t told me
no me ha dicho
why haven’t you told me?
¿por qué no me ha dicho?
Past Participle ( Specific Conjugation of a Verb )
Seen
(an exception)
Visto
view
vista
Compound Present Perfect Tense
I have seen it
Yo lo he visto
I still haven’t seen it
Todavía no lo he visto
—— Prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
Put a clue about the view
Infinitive
To put ( IRREGULAR )
Imperative / Command Tense ( Afirmative )
Use Pronoun just for practice
PUT it here !!! ( to you informal singular )
Use Pronoun just for practice
PUT it here !!! ( to you formal singular )
Use Pronoun just for practice
WE PUT !!! / LET’S PUT it here !!! ( to us plural )
Use Pronoun just for practice
PUT it here !!! ( to you informal plural )
( bossing ed and other people around when he’s helping at a party )
Use Pronoun just for practice
PUT it here !!! ( to you formal plural )
Poner
Imperative Affirmative Tense ( Command Tense )
Tu PON lo aquí !!!
Usted PONGA lo aquí !!!
Nosotros PONGAMOS lo aquí !!!
Vosotras PONED lo aquí !!!
Ustedes PONGAN lo aquí !!!
Compound Present Perfect Tense
We have put it here ( very irregular )
( past participle of put is very irregular : we have PUt in english THIS in Spanish )
( kind of similar for Spanish word for port : puerto , but this might be a red herring 🤷♂️ )
Lo hemos puesto aquí
—— Prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
To forget
Olvidar
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( it is easy to forget but OL smith is VIsibly DARing in his hobbies )
I won’t forget it
no lo olvidaré
sure / secure
seguro
I’m sure
( sure is same word as safe )
estoy seguro
we won’t forget it
no lo olvidaremos
I haven’t forgotten it
no lo he olvidado
To leave ( something behind )
( a message, a key on a table etc )
Dejar
( to leave something behind on a DEsk is really JARd )
message
( you can REC..ORD a message on an answer phone )
recado
I have left a message for you
he dejado un recado para usted
To spend ( time ) / To pass ( time )
Pasar
to pass the time
pasar el tiempo
Compound Present Perfect Tense
We have spent much time
Hemos pasado mucho tiempo
we haven’t spent much time
no hemos pasado mucho tiempo
that is
eso es
it’s not a bad idea
no es una mala idea
it’s an excellent idea
es una excelente idea
how much time have you spent…?
(to a friend)
¿cuánto tiempo has pasado…?
To prefer
( I’d PREFER not to tell Sarah what I’d PREFER , in fact I’d PREFER to eat my own IR 😉 )
Preferir
—— Prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
Indicative ( Simple ) Present Tense
I prefer ( irregular )
( I prefer to jump off a tall building and into the iero than make a family decision )
( to prefer = preferir and when conjugating it the second e colapses into ie )
Prefiero
—— prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
I prefer staying here
prefiero quedarme aquí
To feel like
Tener ganas
—— Prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( to have the desires )
Indicative ( Simple ) Present Tense
I feel like
( i have desire to TO )
( i feel like Ali G’s in DE house 😂 )
Tengo ganas de
I feel like being with you all
tengo ganas de estar con ustedes
I would like to see it
me gustaría verlo
I would like to make a reservation
me gustaría hacer una reservación
Imperfect Subjunctive Tense
I may want to make a reservation
—— Prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
( not me gustaría or tengo ganas
but the similar one )
( i may want to get the QUI for an old ford SIERA … 🤷♂️🚗 )
Quisiera hacer una reservación
Quisiera = I may want
Indicative ( Simple ) Present Tense
How long are you planning on staying ?
formal AND informal
Cuánto tiempo piensa quedarse ?
Cuánto tiempo piensas quedarte ?
—— Prompts ——
if I go backwards and prompts are needed
To ask
( just PREy that you’re not asked )
Preguntar
I would like to ask you
me gustaría preguntarle
Direct Object Pronouns
Us
Nos
We
Nosotros
Subject Pronouns
They
Ellos / Ellas
Subject Pronouns
You ( familiar, plural )
Vosotros / Vosotras / Tú
