Foundation 1 Flashcards
What two monomers is sucrose made up of
Glucose and fructose
What two monomers is lactose made up of
Galactose and glucose
What two monomers is maltose made from
Two glucose molecules
What is the make up of starch in plants
20-30% amylose- straight chain 1-4 glycosidic bond
70-80% amylopectin which also contains 1-6 glycosidic bonds and branches
What enzyme brakes down amylose and amylopectin
amylase
What is the main storage unit of carbohydrates in animals
Glycogen
What is the structure of glycoproteins
These are proteins with sugars added onto them
What can the glycolysation of proteins alter their function to be
They can be involved in recognition, adhesion and communication between cells
What group on a protein can sugars be linked to in order to glycosylate them
The R group
What are the three classifications of glycoproteins
Simple (mainly protein)
Mucins (mainly carbohydrate)
Proteoglycans (mainly carbohydrate
What is the function of mucins in the stomach
It lubricates and protects the lining from the acidic environment in the digestive tract
What is the role of cervical mucus
It can prevent infection
What does hygroscopic mean
A substance that tends to absorb and attract water
What is the basic structure and property of mucin
It contains a protein backbone that is highly O-glycosylated
They are hygroscopic and attract water
Contains a D domain that allows the mucin to form di-sulphide bonds with each other
What property allows epithelial cells to seal between adjacent cells
tight and anchoring junctions
What type of junctions allows diffusion and communication between cells
Channel forming junctions
Where is the basal lamina found and what is it’s function
Between epithelial cells and the basement membrane
its a strong and flexible foundation
What makes the basement membrane and what is it’s funciton
A combination of the basal and reticular lamina
It anchors the epithelial cells to the connective tissue below
What is the reticular lamina mostly made up of
Type III collagen
What are adherens junction
These are junctions from the cytoplasm of cells to actin filaments
What is focal adhesion
The attachments of cells to the basal lamina
What are gap junctions and what is their function
These are channel forming junctions between between epithelial cells
They allow cell-cell communication, movement of ions and waves of contraction in smooth muscle cells
What is the function of simple squamous epithelial cells and where are they found
They are used for absorption, filtration and act as a minimal barrier to diffusion
Found in capillaries, alveoli and abdominal and pleural cavities
What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelial cells and where are they found
Used for secretion and transportation
Found in the glands, ducts kidney tubules and the covering or the ovary