Case 1 Flashcards
What binds the thorax
The superior thoracic aperture and the diaphragm inferiorly
What are the anterior and posterior boundaries of the thorax
Anteriorly the sternum and posteriorly thoracic vertebrae
What is in the superior mediastinum
Aortic arch and branches SVC oesophagus and trachea phrenic and vagus nerves cardiac plexus and sympathetic chain thymus and thoracic duct
What is the boundary of the superior and inferior mediastinum
thoracic plane at T4/5 and rib 2
What is in the middle mediastinum
Ascending aorta SVC and pulmonary trunk heart and peicardium trachea and bronchi nerves and tracheobronchial lymph nodes
What is in the posterior mediastinum
Descending thoracic aorta Oesophagus thoracic duct azygous and hemiazygous veins many arteries and the sympathitc trunk
At what point does the thoracic aorta become the abdominal aorta
when it passes through the abdominal hiatus at level T12
What main arteries go to the head and neck region and the arms
The common carotid and subclavian
What arteries branch off to supply the ribs
The posterior intercostal arteries
What arteries supply the bronchus
The bronchial arteries
Where does the celiac trunk branch off the abdominal aorta and what does it supply
At T12 to supply the stomach and liver
Where is the superior mesenteric artery found and what does it supply
L1 and it supplies the intestines
Where do the lumbar arteries branch off and what do they supply?
Each lumbar segment and they supply the posterior muscles
Where does the inferior mesenteric artery branch off and what does it supply
L3 to supply the intestines and rectum
Where does the aorta split into the two common iliac arteries?
L4
Where do the renal arteries branch off?
L1
What veins form the superior vena cava
The left and right internal jugular veins and the subclavian veins join together to form the brachiocephalic veins that join to form the SVC
What forms the inferior vena cava and at what levels
The two common iliac veins- right at L5 and left at L3
Also the lumbar, renal and hepatic veins
What is the extracellular matrix made up of
collagen and elastic fibres
What cells maintains the extracellular matrix
Fibroblasts
What are examples of specialised connective tissue
Cartilage, bone, blood and blood vessels
What is the order of blood vessel layers from superior to deep
Tunica externa (adventitia), Tunica media then tunica intima
What is the tunica externa made of
many collagen fibres and some elastic fibres and it is the thickest layer
What is the tunica media made of
smooth muscle and supported by connective tissue