Forward and Reverse Genetics

Question 1

When different organisms independently evolve similar traits

Answer 1

Convergent Evolution

Question 2

Genetic analysis that proceeds from phenotype to genotype. The mutant phenotype is studied first, then the causal mutation of the genes underlying the phenotype is identified using linkage mapping with positional cloning or DNA sequencing

Answer 2

Forward Genetics

Question 3

Genetic analysis that proceeds from genotype to phenotype. The gene is clones, then disrupted to identify biological function.

Answer 3

Reverse Genetics

Question 4

A mutagen that creates transitions or transversions with high frequency, causing either a gain or loss of function. It is easy to use, has a high mutation rate, and causes a variety of phenotypes

Answer 4

Chemical (EMS)

Question 5

A mutagen that creates deletions or chromosomal rearrangements with medium frequency, usually causing loss of function. Using this, it is easy to isolate the gene

Answer 5

Radiation (X-rays)

Question 6

A mutagen that created insertions with low frequency. It usually causes a loss of function. Using this, it is very easy to isolate the gene, but there is possible insertion bias

Answer 6

Transposons

Question 7

A mutagen that creates indels with varying frequency, causing a gain or loss of function. It is programmable, but required gene sequence information

Answer 7

CRISPR

Question 8

The isolation of a causal gene on the basis of its position on a gene map

Answer 8

Positional Cloning

Question 9

A type of gene knockout mouse model in which the target gene is deleted from all the fertilized eggs, in all tissues at all times.

Answer 9

Conventional (Global) Knockout