Fortified Flashcards
Where is Sherry produced?
Jerez de la Frontera, Sanlúcar de Barrameda, and El Puerto de Santa María in Andalusia, Spain.
What are the key soil types in the Sherry region?
Albariza (chalky limestone), Barro (clay-heavy), Arenas (sandy soils).
What grape varieties are permitted for Sherry production?
Palomino, Pedro Ximénez (PX), Moscatel.
What are the key production methods for Sherry?
Biological aging under flor for Fino/Manzanilla, oxidative aging for Oloroso, and a combination for Amontillado/Palo Cortado.
What are the main types of Sherry?
Fino, Manzanilla, Amontillado, Oloroso, Palo Cortado, Cream, Pedro Ximénez, Moscatel.
What is non-fortified Sherry?
Unfortified styles like Jerez de Pasto, which is rare and made from Palomino without fortification.
What do VOS and VORS mean in Sherry?
VOS (Very Old Sherry, 20+ years), VORS (Very Old Rare Sherry, 30+ years).
Where is Port produced?
Douro Valley, Portugal.
What are the key soil types in the Douro Valley?
Schist soils dominate, providing excellent drainage and heat retention.
What are the permitted grape varieties for Port?
Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo), Tinta Barroca, Tinto Cão, and many others.
What are the key production methods for Port?
Fortification with grape spirit to halt fermentation, aged in oak or tanks depending on style.
What are the different types of Port?
Ruby, Tawny, Vintage, Late Bottled Vintage (LBV), Colheita, White Port, Rosé Port.
How does aging affect Port styles?
Ruby Ports are aged briefly for freshness, while Tawny Ports are aged in barrels for oxidation and nutty flavors.
What are the Port sub-districts?
Baixo Corgo, Cima Corgo, Douro Superior.
What were some notable recent Port vintages?
2011, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 declared as strong Vintage years.
7/9/11/16/17 according to vintage app
8/14 bad
What is the topography and climate of Madeira?
Steep volcanic island with a warm, humid maritime climate.
What are the main soil types in Madeira?
Volcanic basalt, providing excellent drainage.
What are the permitted grape varieties for Madeira?
Sercial, Verdelho, Bual, Malmsey (Malvasia), Tinta Negra.
What are the key production methods for Madeira?
Estufagem (artificial heating) or Canteiro (natural aging in warm attics).
What are the different styles of Madeira?
Sercial (dry), Verdelho (off-dry), Bual (medium-sweet), Malmsey (sweet).
What are the Madeira aging designations?
Reserve (5 years), Special Reserve (10 years), Extra Reserve (15 years), 20, 30, and 40-Year-Old categories, and Frasqueira (vintage).
