Forms of Matter: Gases Flashcards
Unit Exam
What are the properties of Gases
- Gases are compressible
2.Gases expand as temperature is increased
3.Gases have very low viscosity - Gases have much lower densities then solids or liquids
- Gases are miscible
Explain the property “Gases are compressible”
The volume of a gas decreases dramatically when pressure is exerted on the gas because molecules are spaced further apart then liquids
Explain the property “ Gases expand as temperature is increased”
Only when pressure remains constant, and that is because molecules are moving faster and have more kinetic energy
Explain the property “ Gases have very low viscosity”
They have low resitant to flow
Explain the property “ Gases have much more lower densities then solids or liquids”
There is more space between particles.
Explain the peroperty “Gases are miscible”
They mix completely and evenly with eachother when put in the same container
What is the kinetic molecular theory(KMT)
It is a theory that provides a scientific moedel for explaining the behavior of gases
What is an ideal gase
A hypothetical gas that obeys all gas laws perfectly under all conditions
What is a real gas
real gases deviate from ideal gases under certain coniditons
One difference between ideal gases and real gases
Ideal gas molecules are very far apart, so the molecules sizes are negligible.
Real gases(under high pressures) the molecules are close together so their sizes are significant.
Another difference between ideal gases and real gases
Ideal gases are in constant straight line motion because no force exists between them. Realgases(as temperature decreases) molecules slow down, then at some point intermolecular attractions cause molecules to stick together then it turns into liquid.
Aother difference between ideal and real gases
Ideal gase molecules undergo perfect elastic collisions i which no energy is lost and the rebound happens quickly. During collision real gas molecules shape changes and rebound happens slower.(meaning pressure is less then ideal(
What is gas pressure
gas pressure is a measure of the force exerted by moving gas molecules per unit area.
What is atomispheric pressure
It is the force per unit are exrted by air on all objects
State the conversion units
760mmHg=1atm=101.325kPa
What is temperature
temperature is a measure of the normal amount of kinetic energy or particles. (the more the kinetic energy particles have the higher the temperature)
What is absolute zero
Lowest possible temperature (0K, -273.15 degrees celcius)(theoretically this is the state in which all movement of kinetic energy is at zero)
How do you go from celcius to Kelvin
Add 273.15 to celcius
How do you go from Kelvin to celcius
Subtract 273.15 from kelvin
What is STP
Standar temperature and pressure
Pressure-100kPa
temperature-273.15K(0 degreese celcius)
What is SATP
Staandard ambient temperature and pressure
Pressure-100kPa
temperature-298.15K(25 degrees celcius)
What is Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volumes
it is a law that states when measured at the same temperature and pressure, the volumes of gas reactants and profucts of chemical reactions are always in simpler ratios of whole numbers
What is Boyles Law?
Boyles law is a law that states that as the pressure on a gas increases the volume of the gas decreases proportionally, provided that temperature and ehcmical amiunt stay constant.
Explain boyles law
Increasing pressure causes volume to be smaller meaning molecules are closer together, and when they are closer together there is more frequent collisions between molecules increasing the pressure.(vice versa) less pressure– molecules further apart, volume increasing.
WHat relationship do pressure and volume have
Inverse relationship
What is the formula for boyles law
P(initial)V(initial)=P(final)V(final)
What is charles law
Charles law states that as the temperature increases the volume increases proportionally, provided that the pressure and chemical amount remain constant
What is the formula for charles law
V(initial)/T(initial)=V(final)/T(final)
What type of relationship do volume and temperature have
They have a directly proportional relationship
Avagadros law
According to avagadros law equal volumes of gasses at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of moles, when avagadros number equals to 6.0x10^23mol
What type of relationship do temperature and pressure have
they have a direct relationship
SATP molar volume-
24.8L/mol
STP molar volume
22.7L/mol
What does comined gas law states
The combined gas law states that the product of the pressure and volume of a gas is proportional to its absolute temperature when the chemical amount remains constant.
What is the ideal gas law
describes the interrelationship of pressure, temperature, volume and chemical amount of matter.
equation for ideal gas law
PV=nRT
(v=L not any other unit)
(T= always in kelvin)
