Formative Paper Flashcards
Which of the following statements about epithelia is CORRECT:
A. Epithelia are avascular
B. The apical surface of epithelial cells is attached to a basement membrane
C. Epithelial cells are sparsely distributed within a matrix
D. Epithelia are contractile
A. Epithelia are avascular
Stratified squamous epithelia:
A. Have a squamous basal layer
B. Contain a brush border of microvilli
C. Consist of a single layer of cells
D. Protect against abrasion
D. Protect against abrasion
A gland secretes a substance by discharging the contents of dead cells through a duct. This typ of secretion is known as:
A. Merocrine
B. Apocrine
C. Holocrine
D. Endocrine
C. Holocrine
In which layer of the skin would cytocrine delivery of melanin to keratinocytes occur:
A. Stratum germinativum
B. Stratum granulosum
C. Stratum spinosum
D. Stratum corneum
C. Stratum spinosum
Meissner’s Corpuscles:
A. Contain encapsulated myelinated nerve endings
B. Are slowly adapting mechanoreceptors
C. Are primarily sensitive to stretch
D. Are found in the dermal papillae
D. Are found in the dermal papillae
Which of the following blood cells is involved in specific immunity?
A. Erythrocyte
B. Thrombocyte
C. Lymphocyte
D. Monocyte
C. Lymphocyte
The vagus nerve:
A. Is part of the sympathetic nervous system
B. Increases heart rate when active
C. Innervates the SA node
D. Exerts a positive inotropic effect on the heart
C. Innervates the SA node
Which of the following statements regarding venous valves is CORRECT:
A. Valves are formed from the tunica media of medium sized veins
B. Valves can be found in the tunica intima of venules
C. Proximodistal flow of blood to the extremities is enabled by valves
D. Muscle contraction closes proximal valves
B. Valves can be found in the tunica intima of venules
Which of the following can increase blood pressure:
A. An increase in blood vessel length
B. An increase in blood vessel lumen diameter
C. A decrease in venous return
D. A decrease in the viscosity of blood
A. An increase in blood vessel length
Identify the part of the nephron which is involved in the production of plasma filtrate:
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Renal Corpuscle
D. Renal Tubule
C. Renal Corpuscle
Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop:
A. Insulin release in response to high blood glucose to return blood glucose levels to normal.
B. Glucagon release in response to low blood glucose to return blood glucose levels to normal.
C. The release of hormones which cause uterine contractions in response to the onset of uterine contractions in childbirth.
D. A decrease in heart rate produced in response to baroreceptor stimulation
C. The release of hormones which cause uterine contractions in response to the onset of uterine contractions in childbirth.
Nerves which carry information from the CNS to a sweat gland form part of which nervous system division:
A. The somatic sensory division
B. The visceral sensory division
C. The somatic motor division
D. The visceral motor division
D. The visceral motor division
Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the parasympathetic nervous system:
A. Postganglionic fibres are long and adrenergic
B. Postganglionic fibres are short and cholinergic
C. Preganglionic fibres are short and cholinergic
D. Preganglionic fibres are long and adrenergic
B. Postganglionic fibres are short and cholinergic
Which of the following ascending tracts is responsible for the transmission of sensory information from the face:
A. The somatic spinothalamic tract
B. The visceral spinothalamic tract
C. The spinocerebellar tract
D. The somatic trigeminal tract
D. The somatic trigeminal tract
What is the correct order of components from stimulus to response in a somatic reflex arc?
Afferent neuron
Dorsal root ganglion in spinal cord
Spinal cord interneuron
Efferent neuron
Going from deep to superficial, which of the following represents the correct order of the meninges:
A. Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid
B. Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
C. Dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid
D. Pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater
D. Pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater
Which of the following neuroglial cell types lines the walls of the ventricles of the brain:
A. Satellite cells
B. Astrocytes
C. Ependymal cells
D. Microglia
C. Ependymal cells
Suxamethonium:
A. Activates acetylcholinesterase at the neuromuscular junction
B. Is a non-depolarising nicotinic receptor blocker
C, Inhibits vesicular acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction
D. Is acetylcholinesterase-resistant
D. Is acetylcholinesterase-resistant
In the limbic system, which structure is responsible for the formation of complex emotional responses, such as fear, aggression, and phobias?
The amygdala
Osmoreceptors and thermoreceptors are found in which structure?
The hypothalamus
Which structure is key in the formation, processing, and storage of memories?
The hippocampus
Which structure acts as a control centre for the control of heart rate, blood pressure, and swallowing?
The medulla oblongata
Which structure receives sensory inputs from proprioceptors and coordinates motor control of posture, balance, movement, and fine motor skills?
The cerebellum
