Formative Assessment Questions Flashcards
Which coronary artery supplies the AVN?
The right coronary artery (90% of cases)
The left coronary artery (30% of cases)
Both coronary arteries (20% of cases)
What is the purpose of the Ductus Arteriosus in the foetal cardiovascular system?
To allow the blood to bypass the foetal lungs by shunting it from the pulmonary artery to the aorta
What are the signs of biventricular failure after a heart attack?
- Shortness of breath
- severe pulmonary oedema
- ascites
What effect do parasympathetic nerves have on blood pressure?
They increase peripheral blood vessel diameter thereby decrease systemic vascular resistance and so decrease blood pressure
What effect do sympathetic nerves have on blood pressure?
They decrease peripheral blood vessel diameter thereby increase systemic vascular resistance and increase blood pressure
If the end diastolic volume in a healthy person’s left ventricle is 120mls what would you suspect the end systolic volume to be?
50mls
What does an increase in left atrial end-systolic pressure signify?
Mitral valve stenosis
Which cells secrete somatostatin?
D cells
Which cells secrete histamine?
Enterochromaffin cells
Which cells secrete gastrin?
G cells
Which cells secrete pepsinogen?
Chief cells
Where is intrinsic factor produced and what does it do?
Produced in the stomach
Allows the absorption of Vitamin B12 in the terminal ileum
What do NSAIDs do?
Irritate the stomach by inhibition of gastrointestinal mucosal cyclo-oxygenase (COX) activity
How many layers of muscle are present in the stomach wall?
3
What is the change in cell type (metaplasia) seen in the lower oesophagus after prolonged acid reflux?
Stratified squamous to columnar
