Formative Assessment Flashcards
How many units of alcohol are in a standard glass of wine (175ml)?
2 units of alcohol
What is AST short for?
Aspartate aminotransferase
What is the Ligamentum teres within the falciform ligament formed from?
Umbilical vein
What is portal hypertension mostly associated with?
Splenomegaly
What is acute pancreatitis associated with?
Steroid use
Where is Alk Phos not found?
The lung
What may result from persistent vomiting?
Metabolic alkalosis
Where are hepatocytes not found in the liver?
The portal tract
What substance is bilirubin produced from in a normal metabolic pathway?
Biliverdin
What kind of shock will a patient with haematemesis suffer from?
Hypovolaemic shock
What is the liver derived from embryologically?
The foregut
How is glucose produced once the glycogen stores in the liver have been used?
Gluconeogenesis
Where is the respiratory centre of the brain located?
The brainstem
What confers the strongest risk for hepatocellular carcinoma?
Alcohol
What is ALT short for?
Alanine aminotransferase
Why do women become intoxicated faster than men?
They have less alcohol dehydrogenase and a higher percentage of body fat
What effect do water, caffeine and glucose have on alcohol elimination?
Absolutely none
What cardiomyopathy is associated with chronic alcoholism?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Which clotting factor is not made in the liver?
Clotting factor VIII
How many segments is the liver divided into?
8 segments
What are treatments intended to manage ascites in cirrhosis aimed at?
Reducing sodium levels
What is alcohol known to increase the precipitation of?
Uric acid
What does the term inotrope refer to?
Cardiac contractility
What syndrome is severe alcoholic hepatitis associated with?
Hepatorenal syndrome
What cells is fibrosis/cirrhosis of the liver mediated by?
Hepatic stellate cells/interstitial cells of Ito
How does Antabuse work?
Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase
How is Dupuytren’s contracture caused?
Scarring of the palmar fascia
What is the legal age for drinking alcohol at home whilst supervised?
5 years old
Which nerve supplies the heart?
The vagus nerve
What is a patient with normal GGT, AST and ALT but high Alk Phos likely to have?
Bone disease
What is alcohol initially metabolised by?
Alcohol dehydrogenase
What is jaundice as a result of alcoholic hepatitis caused by?
Conjugated bilirubin
What is thiamine deficiency associated with?
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Why does alcohol cause diuresis?
It decreases ADH levels
What biochem test is most useful for assessing synthetic liver function in a patient with an upper GI bleed?
Prothrombin time
What is the definition of binge drinking?
> 8 units/day for men and women
What drug is used for medically assisted alcohol withdrawl?
Chlorodiazepoxide
What is the abnormal gait associated with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome called?
Ataxic gait
What drug causes a faster rate of alcohol absorption?
Domperidone
What is the cause of facial flushing and feeling unwell?
Aldehyde
How many units are in a 70cl bottle of 40% alcohol?
28 units
What is measured to assess perfusion in a patient with a severe GI bleed?
Lactate
How many calories are in 1g of alcohol?
7kcal
Is narrowing repertoire a recognised feature of dependence syndrome as per ICD-10?
No
What is the usual timescale for the development of delirium tremens?
3-10 days
What is the safe limit for drinking during pregnancy as per the UK Chief Medical Officer?
None-there is no safe level
According to the World Cancer Research Fund, there is a strong association between drinking alcohol and which cancer?
Breast cancer
What is listed under part 2 of the death certificate?
Conditions contributing but not directly responsible for death
What is sometimes used to treat patients with an osmol gap?
Ethanol (used to treat methanol poisoning)
How many units of alcohol are in a 1l premium bottle of cider (8%)?
10 units
What are caput medusae not associated with?
Acute pancreatitis
